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Electron Configuration Part I., Slides of Environmental science

Environmental science

Electron Configuration Part I.

Typology: Slides

2018/2019

Uploaded on 10/30/2022

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Electron Configuration
Objectives
•Elaborate how electrons are arranged and
distributed in their energy levels.
•Illustrate the electron configuration of elements
through different types of notations.
•Explain how these electron arrangements relate
to the shape and layout of the periodic table.
Ellen Mercado
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Partial preview of the text

Download Electron Configuration Part I. and more Slides Environmental science in PDF only on Docsity!

Electron Configuration

Objectives

  • Elaborate how electrons are arranged and

distributed in their energy levels.

  • Illustrate the electron configuration of elements

through different types of notations.

  • Explain how these electron arrangements relate

to the shape and layout of the periodic table.

With electron configuration elements are

represented numerically by the number of

electrons in their shells and number of shells.

Example:

N

Nitrogen

2 in 1

st

shell

5 in 2

nd

shell

configuration = 2 , 5

7

Electron Configuration

77777 spdfg 7 h 7 i
1 s
22 sp
33 sp
4 s
3 d
444 pdf
55555 spdfg
66666 spdfg 6 h
1 st
2 nd

rd

4 th
5 th
6 th
7 th

The 1 st^ energy level is comprised of just 1 sublevel called 1 s. It contains only one orbital. The 2 nd^ level has 2 sublevels. 2 s sublevel - contains just 1 orbital 2 p sublevel - has 3 orbitals The 3 rd^ level consists of 3 sublevels. 3 s sublevel - 1 orbital 3 p sublevel - 3 orbitals 3 d sublevel - 5 orbitals 4 s ( 1 ), 4 p ( 3 ), 4 d ( 5 ), and 4 f ( 7 ) The number of orbitals is always a consecutive odd number. The sublevels start to overlap.

The 5

th

level and sublevels:

5 s ( 1 ), 5 p ( 3 ), 5 d ( 5 ), 5 f ( 7 ) and 5 g ( 9 ) The 4 s is actually a little lower than the 3 d. This overlap is important, and it becomes more extensive as we move to higher levels.

Order in which subshells are filled

with electrons

1 s 2 s 3 s 4 s 5 s 6 s 7 s 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 p 6 p 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 4 f 5 f 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 4 s 2 3 d 10 4 p 6 5 s 2 4 d 10

H = 1 s 1 1 s He=^1 s 2 1 s Be= 1 s 2 2 s 2 1 s (^) 2 s

  • 1 e-
  • 2 e- e-
  • 4 e- e- e- e-

Fe=^1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 4 s 2 3 d 6 1 s 2 s 2 px 2 py 2 pz 3 s 3 px 3 py 3 pz

  • 26 e- e- e- e- 4 s 3 d^3 d^^3 d^^3 d Iron has ___ electrons.^26 3 d
Arbitrary
Energy
Scale

18 18 32 8 8 1 s^2 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 p 4 f NUCLEUS e- e-^ e- e- e-^ e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e e-

e- e- e- e- e-^ e- e- e- 2 s 3 s 4 s 3 d 5 s 4 d 6 s 6 p 5 d

Orbital Filling Element 1 s 2 s 2 px 2 py 2 pz 3 s Configuration Orbital Filling Element 1 s 2 s 2 px 2 py 2 pz 3 s Configuration

The AufBau Principle

Electron H He Li C N O F Ne Na 1 s^1 1 s^22 s^22 p^63 s^1 1 s^22 s^22 p^6 1 s^22 s^22 p^5 1 s^22 s^22 p^4 1 s^22 s^22 p^3 1 s^22 s^22 p^2 1 s^22 s^1 1 s^2

NOT CORRECT
Violates Hund ’ s
Rule

Electron H He Li C N O F Ne Na 1 s^1 1 s^22 s^22 p^63 s^1 1 s^22 s^22 p^6 1 s^22 s^22 p^5 1 s^22 s^22 p^4 1 s^22 s^22 p^3 1 s^22 s^22 p^2 1 s^22 s^1 1 s^2

Orbital Filling
Element 1 s 2 s 2 px 2 py 2 pz 3 s Configuration

The Aufbau Principle

Electron

H He Li C N O F Ne Na

1 s

1

1 s

2

2 s

2

2 p

6

3 s

1

1 s

2

2 s

2

2 p

6

1 s^22 s^22 p^5
1 s^22 s^22 p^4
1 s^22 s^22 p^3
1 s^22 s^22 p^2
1 s^22 s^1
1 s^2
  • Pauli Exclusion Principle Each orbital can hold TWO electrons with opposite spins. Wolfgang Pauli

General Rules

Aufbau Principle

  • Electrons fill the

lowest energy

orbitals first.

  • “Lazy Tenant

Rule”

2 s 3 s 4 s 5 s 6 s 7 s 1 s 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 p 6 p 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 4 f 5 f 1 s 2 s 2 p 3 s 3 p 4 s 4 p 3 d 4 d 5 s 5 p 6 s 7 s 6 p 6 d 4 f 5 f 5 d

Energy

General Rules

O 8 e

1. Box Diagram

2. Longhand Electron Configuration

1 s

2 s

2 p

Notation

1 s 2 s^2 p

O

8

neon's electron configuration ( 1 s^22 s^22 p^6 )

3. Noble Gas Notation

[Ne] 3 s

1

3 rd energy level
one electron in the s orbital
orbital shape

Long Method: Na = 1 s

2

2 s

2

2 p

6

3 s

1 A B C D

Energy Level Diagram

Arbitrary

Energy

Scale

18 18 32 8 8 1 s^2 2 p 3 p 3 d 4 d 4 f NUCLEUS 2 s 3 s 4 s 4 p 5 s 5 p 6 s 6 p (^5) d

Arbitrary Energy Scale

2 s 3 s 6 p NUCLEUS

Bohr Model

CLICK ON ELEMENT TO FILL IN CHARTS N H He Li C N Al Ar F Fe La

Energy Level

Diagram

1 s Electron Configuration 4 s 5 s 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 p 6 s (^4) f 4 d 5 d 3 d