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Electrostatics: A Comprehensive Guide to Static Electricity, Study notes of Physics

Physics

A comprehensive overview of electrostatics, a fundamental branch of physics that deals with static electric charges. It covers key concepts such as electric charges, coulomb's law, electric fields, and electric field lines. The document also explores practical applications of electrostatics, including the use of electroscopes and the phenomenon of electric discharge. It is a valuable resource for high school students studying physics.

Typology: Study notes

2024/2025

Available from 03/13/2025

noah-jonathan
noah-jonathan 🇸🇬

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Electrostatic
Chapter : 17
Static electricity or electro static:
Static electricity is the branch of Physics in
which charges at rest are studied.
- Static electricity is also the accumulation of electric charges (
positive or negative ) on the surface of a material weather it is an
insulator or conductor of electricity
Electric charges:
- Electric charge is the property of some material that causes them
to exert force of attraction or force of repulsion upon other
materials due to shortage or excess of electrons.
- The object that carry charges are called charged bodies or
electrified bodies.
- An object with no charge is called neutral object.
- There are two types of charges positive or negative.
- An object gains positive charge when electrons are removed from
it and gains negative charge when electrons are added to it.
Law of electrostatics:
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Download Electrostatics: A Comprehensive Guide to Static Electricity and more Study notes Physics in PDF only on Docsity!

Electrostatic

Chapter : 17

Static electricity or electro static:

Static electricity is the branch of Physics in which charges at rest are studied.

  • Static electricity is also the accumulation of electric charges ( positive or negative ) on the surface of a material weather it is an insulator or conductor of electricity

Electric charges:

  • Electric charge is the property of some material that causes them to exert force of attraction or force of repulsion upon other materials due to shortage or excess of electrons.
  • The object that carry charges are called charged bodies or electrified bodies.
  • An object with no charge is called neutral object.
  • There are two types of charges positive or negative.
  • An object gains positive charge when electrons are removed from it and gains negative charge when electrons are added to it.

Law of electrostatics:

  • Two objects with same electric charge repel each other. Where as on the other hand objects with opposite charges attract each other.
  • A charged object can also attract a neutral object.

Coulomb’s law:

𝑄1×𝑄

𝑟^2

𝑘×𝑄1×𝑄

𝑟^2

F = force (N)

r = distance (cm)

k = constant of primitive

Q = Coulomb (C)

  • Electrical conductors can be discharged by earthening. Earthining a conductor means connecting it to the earth or to any fairly large conductor. From with the removal or addition of electrons does not cause any noticeable effect. When a charged conductor is earth the excess charge is discharged by gain or loss of electrons by the ground. The force of attraction or repulsion that exist between two charged bodies is called electrostatic force, electric force or coulombs force.

Electroscope:

An electroscope which is used:

(i) To detect the presence of charge on a body.

(ii) To detect the nature of charge on a body.

(iii) To identify between insulators and conductors.

Coulomb’s law:

The magnitude of electrostatic force between two charged bodies is directly proportional to the product of the quantity of charges on them and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This statement is called Coulomb’s law.

Electric field and electric field lines:

  • An electric field is a region of space surrounding a charged body in which another charged body experiences an electric force.
  • The strength of an electric field is stronger near the charged body and it weakens as the distance increases from it.
  • The direction of electric field can be determined by the free movement of a small positive charge.
  • Electric lines of force or electric field lines are directed lines drawn to represent the direction and the strength of electric force at any point in an electric field. Some of the features of electric lines of force are here below:

(i) They are drawn outward from the positive charge and inward to a negative charge.

(ii) They never cross each other

(iii) The number of lines of forces show the strength of the electric field. If the lines are closer together, the field is strong and if they are far apart the field is weaker.

(iv) A tangent can be drawn at any point on an electric line of force to indicate the direction of electric force at that point.