Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures, Slides of Chemistry

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Elements, Compounds, and

Mixtures

MATTER

 Makes up everything

 Anything that has

 Mass

 Takes up space (volume)

 Is made up of atoms.

An atom consists of a

 Nucleus ( protons and neutrons)

 electrons in space around the nucleus.

The Atom

Nucleus

Electron cloud

• The building blocks of Matter
• Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N).
• Smallest unit of an element that has all of he same properties of that element.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Elements

 pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substance by physical or chemical means.

Compounds

 Made of elements in a specific ratio

that is always the same

 Have their own physical and chemical

properties.

 Can only be separated by

chemical means, not physically

 Smallest particle is a molecule

The red compound is composed of

• nickel (Ni) (silver)
• carbon (C) (black)
• hydrogen (H) (white)
• oxygen (O) (red)
• nitrogen (N) (blue)

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS are

composed of atoms and so can be

decomposed to those atoms.

• A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together.
  • In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule.

IONS

 IONS are atoms or groups of atoms

with a positive or negative charge..

 To tell the difference between an atom

and an ion, look to see if there is a

charge in the superscript! Examples:

Na+^ Ca+2^ I-^ O-

Na Ca I O

Forming Positive & Negative

Ions

A Positive ion forms when an atom loses one or more electrons.

An Negative ion forms when an atom gains one or more electrons

Mg --> Mg2+^ (2 e- lost) F + e- --> F-

Cl

Covalent Bonds

Form when two or more

atoms SHARE electrons

• Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution.
  • Uniform Distribution.
  • Example: Sugar and Water

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• The substance to be dissolved.
• The one doing the dissolving.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com