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1. Calculus Differential Calculus Explanation: Differentiation involves finding the derivative of a function, which represents the rate of change or slope of the function at any given point. It's essential in applications like calculating velocity, acceleration, and finding maximum and minimum values. Example: Find the derivative of . Explanation: We use the power rule, which states that if , then . Differentiating term by term: f'(x) = 6x + 4. Application of Derivatives: Derivatives help find where functions reach their maximum or minimum values (critical points) and are used in optimization problems. Example: The height of a ball is given by . Find the velocity at . Explanation: Velocity is the rate of change of height, so the derivative of gives velocity. Differentiating: