Understanding Human Perception: Vision, Information Processing, and Optical Illusions, Slides of Human Resource Management

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chapter 1

the human

the human

• Information i/o …
  • visual, auditory, haptic, movement
• Information stored in memory
  • sensory, short-term, long-term
• Information processed and applied
  • reasoning, problem solving, skill, error
• Emotion influences human capabilities
• Each person is different

The Eye - physical reception

• mechanism for receiving light and

transforming it into electrical energy

• light reflects from objects
• images are focused upside-down on

retina

• retina contains rods for low light vision

and cones for colour vision

• ganglion cells (brain!) detect pattern

and movement

Interpreting the signal

• Size and depth
  • visual angle indicates how much of view

object occupies

(relates to size and distance from eye)

• visual acuity is ability to perceive detail (limited)
• familiar objects perceived as constant size (in spite of changes in visual angle when far away)
• cues like overlapping help perception of

size and depth

Interpreting the signal (cont)

• The visual system compensates for:
  • movement
  • changes in luminance.
• Context is used to resolve ambiguity
• Optical illusions sometimes occur due to

over compensation

Optical Illusions

the Ponzo illusion the Muller Lyer illusion

Hearing

• Provides information about environment:

distances, directions, objects etc.

• Physical apparatus:
  • outer ear – protects inner and amplifies sound
  • middle ear – transmits sound waves as vibrations to inner ear
  • inner ear – chemical transmitters are released and cause impulses in auditory nerve
• Sound
  • pitch – sound frequency
  • loudness – amplitude
  • timbre – type or quality