Download Emergency Medications Guide: Actions, Indications, and Dosage and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!
Acetaminophen - CORRECT ANSWER -ACTION: analgesic, antipyretic
INDICATIONS: For pain and fever control
CONTRAS: hypersensitivity, children <3yo
PRECAUTIONS: Pts w/hepatic (liver) disease, alcoholism, malnutrition, thrombocytopenia, children <12yo w/arthritic conditions.
ROUTE: PO
SIDE EFFECTS: allergic reactions, used appropriately-rare. Liver damage with large doses.
DOSE: 500-1000mg every 4 hours as needed; 10mg/kg PO
Activated charcoal - CORRECT ANSWER -ACTION: Adsorbent
INDICATIONS: most acute oral poisonings; overdose
CONTRAS: decreased LOC, airway that cannot be controlled, overdose of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum substances.
Precautions: Administer only after emesis or in those cases where emesis is contraindicated.
Route: PO
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions, constipation, diarrhea, temporary darkening of stool.
Dose: 50 gms (1-2g/kg); 1g/kg, max 25 gms peds
Albuterol - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: Sympathomimetic bronchodilator
Indications: Bronchospasm and asthma in COPD
Contras: Hypersensitivity, history cardiac disease, heart rate >150 in adults, > in peds
Precautions: Vitals isngs and breath sounds must be monitored, use caution with elderly, cardiac, or hypertensive patients.
Side Effects: Tachycardia, anxiety, nausea, cough, wheezing, tremors, and/or dizziness
Route: MDI/Inhalation
Dose: Adult 2.5-5.0 mg (3cc) via nebulizer continuously, X3 doses if no history cardiac disease and HR </= 150
Peds 2.5 mg (3cc) via nebulizer continuously, X3 doses, if no history cardiac disease and heart rate </= 200
Aspirin - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: Analgesic, antipyretic, platelet inhibitor, anti- inflammatory
Indications: Chest pain suggestive of an MI.
Contras: hypersensitivity to salicylates, active ulcer disease, asthma
Precautions: Allergies to other NSAIDs, bleeding disorders, children or teens with chicken pox or influenza-like symptoms.
Side effects: N/V, heartburn, bleeding, bronchospasm and wheezing if patient is allergic.
Route: PO
Dose: Adult 4 chewable baby aspirin (81mg each) (160-325 mg)
Peds Not indicated
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines, narrow angle glaucoma, hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiac shock, coronary insufficiency, dysrhythmias, organic brain or heart disease, or during labor
Precautions: elderly, debilitated patients, hypertension, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, parkinson's disease, tuberculosis, asthma, emphysema, and in children <6 yo
Side effects: Tachycardia, pallor, dizziness, chest pain, headache, N/V, excitability, anxiety
Dose: Adult 0.3 mg (≥30 kg (≥66 pounds))
Ped 0.15 mg (15-30 kg (33-66 pounds))
Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: carbohydrate
Indications: Patients with altered mental status and known history of diabetes mellitus.
Contras: Unconsciousness; known diabetic who has not taken insulin for days, pt who is unable to swallow
Precautions: assure pt has control of swallowing and airway.
Side effects: none with given properly
Route: PO
Dose: Adult one tube, repeat based on BGL
Ped one tube, repeat based on BGL, min age 3.
Ibuprofen - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: NSAID
Indications: Reduce fever and relieve minor to mod pain
Contras: allergies to aspirin/NSAIDs, pts currently taking anticoagulants
Precautions: hypertension, cardiac decompensation
Side effects: rash, ringing in the ear, headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, abdominal pain, nausea, dirrhea, constipation, and heartburn, increased bleeding.
Route: PO
Dose: Adult 400-800 mg
Ped 10 mg/kg
Naloxone - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: narcotic antagonist
Indications: Narcotic and synthetic narcotic overdose, coma of unknown origin
Contras: hypersensitivity, non-narcotic-induced respiratory depression
Precaution: possible dependency
Side effects: Abrupt reversal of narcotic depression may result in nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, tremulousness, seizures, and cardiac arrest
Route: nasally
Dose: Adult 1-2 mg nasally via atomizer
Peds: 0.1 mg/kg nasally via atomizer (max 2mg), repeated in 5 min if no effect
Nasal Spray - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: vasocontrictor
Indications: epistaxis (nose bleed), nasal intubation
contras: significant hypertension
side effects: sneezing or burning, stinging, dryness, or irritation of the nose.
Precautions: None
Route: Nasally
Dose: adult 2 sprays in affected nostril
ped 1-2 sprays in affected nostril
Precautions: rapid administration may result in tachycardia, larynospasm, and muscle rigidity
Side effects: blurred or double vision, difficulty in focusing eyes, difficulty in speaking, difficult or rapid breathing, dizziness, tachycardia, muscle stiffness/weakness, pain at place of injection
Route: IM
Dose: Adult 600 mg
Ped per medical control only
Weight Conversion - CORRECT ANSWER -To convert lbs to kgs:
Lbs/2.2=Kg
Divide weight in lbs by half then subtract 10%
Acetaminophen - CORRECT ANSWER -ACTION: analgesic, antipyretic
INDICATIONS: For pain and fever control
CONTRAS: hypersensitivity, children <3yo
PRECAUTIONS: Pts w/hepatic (liver) disease, alcoholism, malnutrition, thrombocytopenia, children <12yo w/arthritic conditions.
ROUTE: PO
SIDE EFFECTS: allergic reactions, used appropriately-rare. Liver damage with large doses.
DOSE: 500-1000mg every 4 hours as needed; 10mg/kg PO
Activated charcoal - CORRECT ANSWER -ACTION: Adsorbent
INDICATIONS: most acute oral poisonings; overdose
CONTRAS: decreased LOC, airway that cannot be controlled, overdose of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum substances.
Precautions: Administer only after emesis or in those cases where emesis is contraindicated.
Route: PO
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions, constipation, diarrhea, temporary darkening of stool.
Dose: 50 gms (1-2g/kg); 1g/kg, max 25 gms peds
Albuterol - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: Sympathomimetic bronchodilator
Indications: Bronchospasm and asthma in COPD
Contras: Hypersensitivity, history cardiac disease, heart rate >150 in adults, > in peds
Precautions: Vitals isngs and breath sounds must be monitored, use caution with elderly, cardiac, or hypertensive patients.
Side Effects: Tachycardia, anxiety, nausea, cough, wheezing, tremors, and/or dizziness
Route: MDI/Inhalation
Dose: Adult 2.5-5.0 mg (3cc) via nebulizer continuously, X3 doses if no history cardiac disease and HR </= 150
Peds 2.5 mg (3cc) via nebulizer continuously, X3 doses, if no history cardiac disease and heart rate </= 200
Aspirin - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: Analgesic, antipyretic, platelet inhibitor, anti- inflammatory
Indications: Chest pain suggestive of an MI.
Contras: hypersensitivity to salicylates, active ulcer disease, asthma
Dose: Adult 25-50 mg
Peds No PO dose indicated
Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: Sympathomimetic
Indications: Sever allergic reactions
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines, narrow angle glaucoma, hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiac shock, coronary insufficiency, dysrhythmias, organic brain or heart disease, or during labor
Precautions: elderly, debilitated patients, hypertension, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, parkinson's disease, tuberculosis, asthma, emphysema, and in children <6 yo
Side effects: Tachycardia, pallor, dizziness, chest pain, headache, N/V, excitability, anxiety
Dose: Adult 0.3 mg (≥30 kg (≥66 pounds))
Ped 0.15 mg (15-30 kg (33-66 pounds))
Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: carbohydrate
Indications: Patients with altered mental status and known history of diabetes mellitus.
Contras: Unconsciousness; known diabetic who has not taken insulin for days, pt who is unable to swallow
Precautions: assure pt has control of swallowing and airway.
Side effects: none with given properly
Route: PO
Dose: Adult one tube, repeat based on BGL
Ped one tube, repeat based on BGL, min age 3.
Ibuprofen - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: NSAID
Indications: Reduce fever and relieve minor to mod pain
Contras: allergies to aspirin/NSAIDs, pts currently taking anticoagulants
Precautions: hypertension, cardiac decompensation
Side effects: rash, ringing in the ear, headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, abdominal pain, nausea, dirrhea, constipation, and heartburn, increased bleeding.
Route: PO
Dose: Adult 400-800 mg
Ped 10 mg/kg
Naloxone - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: narcotic antagonist
Indications: Narcotic and synthetic narcotic overdose, coma of unknown origin
Contras: hypersensitivity, non-narcotic-induced respiratory depression
Precaution: possible dependency
Side effects: Abrupt reversal of narcotic depression may result in nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, tremulousness, seizures, and cardiac arrest
Route: nasally
Dose: Adult 1-2 mg nasally via atomizer
Peds: 0.1 mg/kg nasally via atomizer (max 2mg), repeated in 5 min if no effect
Nasal Spray - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: vasocontrictor
Indications: epistaxis (nose bleed), nasal intubation
contras: significant hypertension
indications: organophosphate poisoning
contras: carbamate insecticides (Sevin), inorganic phosphates, and organophosphates having no anticholinesterase activity, asthma, peptic ulcer disease, sever cardiac disease, or pt receiving aminophylline, theophylline, morphine, succinylcholine, reserpine, or phenothiazines
Precautions: rapid administration may result in tachycardia, larynospasm, and muscle rigidity
Side effects: blurred or double vision, difficulty in focusing eyes, difficulty in speaking, difficult or rapid breathing, dizziness, tachycardia, muscle stiffness/weakness, pain at place of injection
Route: IM
Dose: Adult 600 mg
Ped per medical control only
Weight Conversion - CORRECT ANSWER -To convert lbs to kgs:
Lbs/2.2=Kg
Divide weight in lbs by half then subtract 10%
Acetaminophen - CORRECT ANSWER -ACTION: analgesic, antipyretic
INDICATIONS: For pain and fever control
CONTRAS: hypersensitivity, children <3yo
PRECAUTIONS: Pts w/hepatic (liver) disease, alcoholism, malnutrition, thrombocytopenia, children <12yo w/arthritic conditions.
ROUTE: PO
SIDE EFFECTS: allergic reactions, used appropriately-rare. Liver damage with large doses.
DOSE: 500-1000mg every 4 hours as needed; 10mg/kg PO
Activated charcoal - CORRECT ANSWER -ACTION: Adsorbent
INDICATIONS: most acute oral poisonings; overdose
CONTRAS: decreased LOC, airway that cannot be controlled, overdose of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum substances.
Precautions: Administer only after emesis or in those cases where emesis is contraindicated.
Route: PO
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions, constipation, diarrhea, temporary darkening of stool.
Dose: 50 gms (1-2g/kg); 1g/kg, max 25 gms peds
Albuterol - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: Sympathomimetic bronchodilator
Indications: Bronchospasm and asthma in COPD
Contras: Hypersensitivity, history cardiac disease, heart rate >150 in adults, > in peds
Precautions: Vitals isngs and breath sounds must be monitored, use caution with elderly, cardiac, or hypertensive patients.
Side Effects: Tachycardia, anxiety, nausea, cough, wheezing, tremors, and/or dizziness
Route: MDI/Inhalation
Dose: Adult 2.5-5.0 mg (3cc) via nebulizer continuously, X3 doses if no history cardiac disease and HR </= 150
Peds 2.5 mg (3cc) via nebulizer continuously, X3 doses, if no history cardiac disease and heart rate </= 200
Side Effects: Sedation, tiredness, sleepiness, dizziness, disturbed coordination, drying and thickening of oral and other respiratory secretions and stomach distress.
Route: PO
Dose: Adult 25-50 mg
Peds No PO dose indicated
Epinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: Sympathomimetic
Indications: Sever allergic reactions
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines, narrow angle glaucoma, hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiac shock, coronary insufficiency, dysrhythmias, organic brain or heart disease, or during labor
Precautions: elderly, debilitated patients, hypertension, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, parkinson's disease, tuberculosis, asthma, emphysema, and in children <6 yo
Side effects: Tachycardia, pallor, dizziness, chest pain, headache, N/V, excitability, anxiety
Dose: Adult 0.3 mg (≥30 kg (≥66 pounds))
Ped 0.15 mg (15-30 kg (33-66 pounds))
Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: carbohydrate
Indications: Patients with altered mental status and known history of diabetes mellitus.
Contras: Unconsciousness; known diabetic who has not taken insulin for days, pt who is unable to swallow
Precautions: assure pt has control of swallowing and airway.
Side effects: none with given properly
Route: PO
Dose: Adult one tube, repeat based on BGL
Ped one tube, repeat based on BGL, min age 3.
Ibuprofen - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: NSAID
Indications: Reduce fever and relieve minor to mod pain
Contras: allergies to aspirin/NSAIDs, pts currently taking anticoagulants
Precautions: hypertension, cardiac decompensation
Side effects: rash, ringing in the ear, headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, abdominal pain, nausea, dirrhea, constipation, and heartburn, increased bleeding.
Route: PO
Dose: Adult 400-800 mg
Ped 10 mg/kg
Naloxone - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: narcotic antagonist
Indications: Narcotic and synthetic narcotic overdose, coma of unknown origin
Contras: hypersensitivity, non-narcotic-induced respiratory depression
Precaution: possible dependency
Side effects: Abrupt reversal of narcotic depression may result in nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, tremulousness, seizures, and cardiac arrest
Route: nasally
Dose: Adult 1-2 mg nasally via atomizer
Peds: 0.1 mg/kg nasally via atomizer (max 2mg), repeated in 5 min if no effect
Dose/Route: 1-6 LPM via NC, 10-15 via NRB, 15 LPM via BVM
Pralidoxime - CORRECT ANSWER -Action: cholinesterase reactivator
indications: organophosphate poisoning
contras: carbamate insecticides (Sevin), inorganic phosphates, and organophosphates having no anticholinesterase activity, asthma, peptic ulcer disease, sever cardiac disease, or pt receiving aminophylline, theophylline, morphine, succinylcholine, reserpine, or phenothiazines
Precautions: rapid administration may result in tachycardia, larynospasm, and muscle rigidity
Side effects: blurred or double vision, difficulty in focusing eyes, difficulty in speaking, difficult or rapid breathing, dizziness, tachycardia, muscle stiffness/weakness, pain at place of injection
Route: IM
Dose: Adult 600 mg
Ped per medical control only
Weight Conversion - CORRECT ANSWER -To convert lbs to kgs:
Lbs/2.2=Kg
Divide weight in lbs by half then subtract 10%
