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EMT Chapter 34: Pediatric Emergencies
A pediatric patient involved in a drowning emergency may present with: - abdominal distension Breath sounds in the pediatric population are more easily heard because: - their chest walls are thinner Pupillary response in pediatric patients may be abnormal in the presence of all of the following, EXCEPT:
- anxiety When you are performing a scene assessment at an incident involving SIDS, you should focus your attention on all of the following, EXCEPT: - the temperature of the room Which of the following is NOT a common cause of altered mental status in pediatric patients? - Hypertension Which of the following is NOT a common exposure when dealing with pediatric burns? - Electrocution from poor wiring A pediatric patient with a fever, pain on palpation of the right lower quadrant, and rebound tenderness is likely suffering from _____ - appendicitis Children not only have a higher metabolic rate, but also a higher _____, which is twice that of an adult. - oxygen demand Infants begin saying their first word, sitting without support, and teething at 6 to ______ months. - 12 Inserting a(n) ___ in a responsive patient may cause a spasm of the larynx and result in vomiting. - oropharyngeal airway The ________ is a structured assessment tool that allows you to rapidly form a general impression of the pediatric patient's condition without touching him or her. - pediatric assessment triangle
A 2-month-old infant was found unresponsive in his crib by his mother. When you arrive, you determine that the infant is apneic and pulseless. His skin is pale and cold and his arms are stiff. You should: - inform the child's mother that her child is deceased A 2-year-old child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. You should: - perform abdominal thrusts A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect: - moderate dehydration A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should: - encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as: - 6 months A common cause of shock in an infant is: - dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called: - stridor A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: - age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact. After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: - not rule out compensated shock. After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within: - 2 seconds All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: - head bobbing
During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS: - allow the family to observe if they wish Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include: - restlessness Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: - cyanosis Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: - positioning, ice packs, and extremity elevation. EMTs are called for an unresponsive infant. When they arrive, they find the mother holding her child. She advises that the child became limp, blue, and stopped breathing. Assessment reveals that the infant is conscious and crying, and has good muscle tone and pink skin color. The mother states that she will take her child to the doctor. The EMTs should: - inform that mother that, although the event seems to have resolved, transport via EMS is advisable. Febrile seizures in a child: - may indicate a serious underlying illness Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because: - their bones bend more easily than an adult's Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: - caused by the inability of the body to cool itself. If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may: - stimulate the vagus nerve If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb. - 40 Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she: - has a history compatible with a serious illness.
In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: - severe hypoxia and bradycardia. In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by: - generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase. Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is: - older than 8 to 10 years of age. Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: - wheezing Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: - bulging fontanelles Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: - weak distal pulses The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and: - a rash The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag-valve mask ventilations is to: - observe the chest for adequate rise The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: - vomiting and diarrhea The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min. - 60 The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children: - vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age. - 18, 6 Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if: - his or her tidal volume is adequate.
Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? - Nausea and vomiting Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? - putting a baby to sleep on the back Which of the following represents a low normal systolic blood pressure for a 6-year-old child? - 82 mm Hg Which of the following signs or symptoms would MOST likely cause the EMT to mistake a head injury for an abdominal injury in a child? - Vomiting Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is correct? - Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries. Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? - If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head. Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is correct? - They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year. With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: - EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse. You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. You should: - stabilize his head and check for a pulse. Making eye contact, recognizing caregivers, and following a bright light with their eyes are initially noticed in what age group? - 2-6 months Which of the following is NOT initially seen in children 12-18 months old? - Understand cause and effect
Toilet training is typically mastered at what age level? - Preschool age Which of the following is FALSE regarding the pediatric airway - the trachea is larger in diameter and shorter in length An infant's heart can beat as many as ____ times or more per minute if the body needs to compensate - 160 Which of the following is NOT a common cause of altered mental status in pediatric patients? - Hypertension A fracture of the femur is rare and is a major source of ___ in the pediatric population - blood loss When examining the head of a pediatric patient, which of the following statements is FALSE? - A bulging fontanelle suggests dehydration Signs and symptoms of a lower airway obstruction include - wheezing Which of the following statements regarding pediatric asthma is FALSE? - Use strong, forceful breaths when ventilating to get air past the obstruction Bronchiolitis usually occurs during the first ___ of life - 2 years Which of the following is NOT a common cause of shock in pediatric patients - Renal failure Which of the following is NOT appropriate when treating pediatric patients with seizures? - Restrain the patient Activated charcoal is indicated for pediatric patients who have ingested: - poison
