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Neural tube defects are_________times more likely to occur in diabetic mothers a. 7 b. 8 c. d. 10 - ✔✔d. 10 A monozygotic, monochorionic and monoamniotic pregnancy is also referred to as a. Fraternal Twins b. Ectopic Pregnancy c. Identical Twins d. Singleton pregnancy - ✔✔d. Singleton pregnancy Results from the fertilization of two separate eggs during the same pregnancy. May be of the same or different sexes. They share half of their genes just like any other siblings. - ✔✔Fraternal Twins/Dizygotic Twins that result from fertilization of a single egg with a single sperm and then during the embryonic development, or during the cell splits, those massive eggs split into two individuals, which later develop into two offspring. Share all of their genes and are always of the same sex. - ✔✔Identical/Monozygotic The tip of the iceberg sign usually refers to which mass? a. ovarian cancer b. cystadenoma c. dermoid cyst d. cystadenocarcinoma - ✔✔c. dermoid cyst A saclike growth that is present at birth. It contains structures such as hair, fluid, teeth, or skin glands that can be found on or in the skin. These cysts grow slowly and are not tender unless ruptured. They
usually occur on the face, inside the skull, on the lower back, and in the ovaries. Form from embryonic cells. - ✔✔Dermoid Cyst/Teratomas These develop on the surface of an ovary and might be filled with watery or a mucous material. - ✔✔Cystadenomas These develop as a result of a condition in which uterine endometrial cells grow outside your uterus ( endometriosis.). Some of the tissue can attach to your ovary and form a growth. - ✔✔Endometriomas The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio is used to determine a. Trisomy 21 b. amnionitis c. fetal lung maturity d. fetal cardiac malformations - ✔✔c. fetal lung maturity Days 14-28 of the endometrial cycle a. early proliferative phase b. late proliferative phase c. secretory phase d. menstrual phase - ✔✔c. secretory phase. Phase 1: The Follicular / Proliferative Phase - ✔✔Day 0-14 of the menstrual cycle. Main hormone= estrogen Purpose= to grow endometrial layer of the uterus. Ovulation - ✔✔always occurs 14 days before menses: therefore, with an average 28 day cylce, ovulation occurs on day 14. At the end of the proliferative phase. Phase 2: The Luteal/Secretory Phase - ✔✔occurs from day 14 - 28 of the cycle.
a. it is a lymphatic malformation b. can be associated with hydrops c. commonly seen in the neck d. all the above - ✔✔d. all the above. In the 1st and 2nd trimester the fetal lung is what echogenicity compared to the liver? - ✔✔isoechoic to the liver Which is not a shunt present in the fetus? a. foramen ovale b. ductus venosus c. ductus arteriosus d. ligamentum venosum - ✔✔d. ligamentum venosum What abnormality is defined as an enlarged tongue? - ✔✔Macroglossia Focal intrauterine fluid present in an up to 20% of ectopic pregnancies is a. double decidual reaction b. pseudogestational sac c. yolk sac d. embryonic sac - ✔✔b. pseudogenstational sac The placenta is responsible for all the following except a. gas exchange b. nutrient exchange c. hormone production d. hematopoiesis - ✔✔d. hematopoiesis - is the production of all the cellular components of blood and blood plasma. it occurs within the hematopoietic system, which includes organs and tissues such as the bone marrow, liver and spleen.
The umbilical cord is made up of a. 2 arteries 1 vein b. 2 veins 1 artery c. 3 arteries 2 veins d. 3 veins 1 artery - ✔✔a. 2 arteries 1 vein The liquid substance within the umbilical cord is - ✔✔Wharton's Jelly Which of the following is NOT associated with placental abruption a. maternal shock b. fetal distress c. bloody amniotic fluid d. painless bright red blood - ✔✔d. painless bright red blood A midline abdominal wall defect where abdominal contents herniate in the base of the umbilical cord is a/an a. gastrochisis b. pentalogy of Cantrell c. omphalocele d. ectopia cordis - ✔✔c. omphalocele Pentalogy of Canatrell - ✔✔PENTA! a condition characterized by a combination of midline birth defects that can potentially involve the
- breastbone (sternum)
- The diaphragm, the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen and aides in breathing.
- Pericardium, the thin membrane that lines the heart,
- the abdominal wall;
- and the heart.
b. sacrococcygeal tumor c. protrusion of the meninges and nerve tissue d. protrusion of the meninges - ✔✔c. protrusion of the meninges and nerve tissue What is a nuchal cord? - ✔✔Umbilical cord around the fetal neck. Can occur during pregnancy, labor, or birth. Umbilical cord gives blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the fetus. The cisterna magna is considered enlarged at a. >5mm b. >6mm c. 10 mm d. >11mm - ✔✔d. >11mm While scanning for the BPD, you notice an empty fluid filled cranium, the midbrain and brainstem are preserved, this is most likely a. holoprosencephaly b. anencephaly c. hydranencephaly d. hydrocephalus - ✔✔c. hydranencephaly Measurement from the outer edge of the occipital bone to the outer edge of the cervical skin is called a. nuchal translucency b. nuchal cord c. nuchal fold d. biparietal diameter - ✔✔C. nuchal fold Causes of symmetric IntraUterine Growth Restriction a. chromosomal abnormalities
b. congenital malformations c. maternal drug use d. congenital infections e. all of the above. - ✔✔e. all the above Asymmetric IUGR - ✔✔Placental insufficiency Preeclampsia Vascular Disease Chronic Pulmonary disease Which ectopic site is considered the most dangerous? a. ovarian b. ampullary c. cornual d. cervical - ✔✔c. cornual In a case of fetal demise, you notice the cranial bones overlapping, this is known as a. seagull sign b. craniosynostosis c. spalding sign d. none of the above - ✔✔c. spalding sign Oligohydramnios is most likely associated with a. posterior urethral valves b. Potter's Syndrome c. Meckel-Gruber Syndrome d. PROM e. all the above - ✔✔e. all the above
This fetal lung is most consistent with a. pleural effusion b. sequestration c. CCAM d. Normal lung - ✔✔c. Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation Fetal breathing must last for how long to score a 2 on a biophysical profile a. 10 sec b. 20 sec c. 30 sec d. none of the above - ✔✔c. 30 sec What percentage of esophageal atresia has a tracheoesophageal fistula - ✔✔d. 90% An accessory placenta is also known as a. previa b. circumvallate c. succenturiate d. low lying - ✔✔c. succenturiate Which of the following is associated with holoprosencephaly? a. monoventricle b. fused thalami c. proboscis d. cyclopia e. all of the above - ✔✔e. all of the above The most common neural tube defect is
a. spina bifida b. holoprosencephaly c. anencephaly d. A and C e. none of the above - ✔✔d. A and C Encephaloceles are most commonly located where? a. frontal region b. parietal region c. occipital region d. none of the above - ✔✔c. occipital region What is the red arrow pointing to a. intraventricular hemorrhage b. choroid plexus c. fornix d. thalamus - ✔✔b. choroid plexus What is the white arrow pointing to a. 4th ventricle b. cavum septum pellucidum c. interhemispheric fissure d. frontal horn - ✔✔c. interhemispheric fissure What structure is highlighted in blue a. choroid plexus b. 3rd ventricle c. thalamus
d. subserosal fibroid - ✔✔b. adenomyosis What phase is the endometrium in a. early proliferative b. late proliferative c. secretory d. none of the above - ✔✔c. secretory Which is not a part of the fallopian tube a. interstitial b. isthmus c. ampulla of vater d. fimbriae - ✔✔c. ampulla of vater The floor of the pelvis is made up of a. piriformis muscles b. gluteus minimus c. myometrium d. levator ani muscles - ✔✔d. levator ani muscles Which of the following amniotic fluid indices in considered polyhydramnios? a. 5 cm b. 7 cm c. 13 cm d. 26 cm - ✔✔d. 26 cm Which of the following is least likely to be associated with polyhydramnios? a. omphalocele
b. duodenal atresia c. maternal diabetes d. renal agenesis - ✔✔d. renal agenesis Ovulation occurs when the dominant follicle a. 1.0 cm b. 1.5 cm c. 2.0 cm d. 2.5 cm - ✔✔d. 2.5 cm Which hormone is measured in a pregnancy test a. Alpha-fetoprotein b. Luteinizing hormone c. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin d. Follicle Stimulating Hormone - ✔✔c. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) This scan of a 9 yo female reveals a. uterine agenesis b. ovarian cyst c. normal prepubertal uterus d. messenteric cyst - ✔✔c. normal prepubertal uterus. The phase of the menstrual cycle following ovulation is a. early proliferative b. late proliferative c. menstrual d. secretory - ✔✔d. secretory
c. corpus luteum d. pyosalpinx - ✔✔d. pyosalpinx A chocolate cyst is a a. dermoid b. endometrioma c. hemorrhagic cyst d. pyosalpinx - ✔✔b. endometrioma What is another name for Polycystic ovarian syndrome a. Stein-Leventhal Syndrome b. Patau Syndrome c. Meckel-Gruber Syndrome d. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome - ✔✔a. Stein-Leventhal Syndrome This finding is a result of dysgenesis of the a. Wolffian ducts b. Mullerian ducts c. Paramesonephric ducts d. both B and C - ✔✔d. both B and C You scan a woman that is 3 months pregnant by Last Menstrual period, on ultrasound you find an embryo measuring 8 weeks by US with no heartbeat and an abnormal yolksac, this likely represents a. wrong LMP b. normal 8 week embryo c. missed abortion d. none of the above - ✔✔d. none of the above An early embryo consisting of 16 cells in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida
a. bilaminar disc b. zygote c. morula d. blastocyst - ✔✔c. morula A heterotopic pregnancy is a. an ovarian ectopic b. subsequent ectopic and IUP c. fallopian ectopic d. abdominal ectopic - ✔✔b. subsequent ectopic and IUP Heterotopic pregnancy is defined as the presence of multiple gestations, with one being present in the uterine cavity and the other outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tube and uncommonly in the cervix or ovary. What are the three shunts of the fetal circulatory system? - ✔✔This system has three shunts
- Foramen Ovale: Connects the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs
- Ductus arteriosus: Connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the lungs
- Ductus Venosus: Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver. The foramen ovale connects what two structures bypassing the lungs? - ✔✔connects the right atrium to the left atrium The ductus arteriosus connects what two structures also bypassing the lungs? - ✔✔connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta The ductus venosus connects what two structures and what does it bypass? - ✔✔connects the umbilical vein to the IVC (Inferior Vena Cava) bypassing the Liver
