Energy System Planning, Lecture notes of Energy Efficiency

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ENERGY SYSTEMS PLANNING

(Session 2)

Energy System (Technical Issues)

Dr. Shree Raj Shakya 2019

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pulchowk campus, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University

Energy: Technical aspect

• In 1826 French physicist J.V. Poncelet coined the

name from the Greek " energeia " which means

" the driving " in the sense of driving power

• It was only gradually recognized that heat,

motion, light and chemical energy are external

forms of the same basic energy

• The best short definition of energy originates

from Max Planck , as the “ capacity of a system to

determine external effects ”

• The popular dictionary formulation: “ energy is

the ability to do work”

S.R.Shakya - S

Energy Consumption Mix in the World, 2013 (Wikipedia)

EEST_SRS 4

1973 and 2013 fuel shares of TPES in the World (OECD/IEA, 2015)

EEST_SRS 5

Future Energy Consumption Trend in Nepal, PJ (Shakya, 2014)

• Total energy consumption growth rate of 1.8%
• use of fossil fuels growth rate of 4.1%
• => Energy Supply Security, Environmental concerns,

Economic Vulberability ????? EEST_SRS 7

Future Energy Mix for Kathmandu during 2012-2030 (Shakya, 2016)

11/22/2015 Shree Raj Shakya 8

• Share of imported fossil fuels increase from 57% to 67%
  • Share of petroleum products 32% to 38%
  • Share of LPG 18% to 21%
  • Import Dependency => Energy Supply Security?
• Share of Electricity increase from 12% to 16%
  • Investment?

Reference Energy System

• In energy system modeling field energy system is referred as Reference Energy System (RES).
• The RES is a map, which, in a schematic way, illustrates the structure of an energy system. The RES describes the flow of energy from the sources to the final use, by means of lines, which connect different components for energy conversion or distribution. (^) S.R.Shakya - S

Reference Energy System

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Reference Energy System

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Reference Energy System

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https://wiki.ucl.ac.uk/display/EnergInst/Model+Structure?preview=/20713425/21004925/worddav3738fce920f6774416fa5caabb355df7.png

Reference Energy System

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Reference Energy System

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Needs for useful energy and supply of final (end-use) energy

To satisfy its needs, humankind requires the services of

energy in the following useful forms

1) Heat and cold — serving for space heating and

conditioning, food preparation and hot/cold water supply

as well as for various industrial processes

2) Mechanical energy — needed for transportation and as

prime mover for industrial equipment and domestic

appliances

3) Radiant energy — for lighting and telecommunications.

S.R.Shakya - S

Relevant terminology for the conversion potential in the final

stage of an energy system

• Useful energy - the amount of one or more useful energy forms absolutely necessary to perform an activity and/or to assure adequate ambient conditions for living and working
• Energy losses - These represent the auxiliary consumption of end-use energy in the final conversion process. They can be reduced but hardly completely avoided. Taking the above examples, such losses depend on the efficiency of the electric motor, on the efficiency of a heating stove or on the quality of conversion of electricity into radiant energy for lighting.
• Final energy or energy consumption of the final stage — the energy actually consumed for meeting the required demand for useful energy including losses in the final stage. It is also called " end-use energy ", i.e. the energy supplied to the final-stage consuming sectors. (^) S.R.Shakya - S