Structural engineering
axial force - answeracting along ONE axis, directly on a point or surface
bending force - answeracting along an axis, at a certain distance from a point, causing a folding motion
(M=F*d)
compressive force - answerpushing an object - collapsing it (i.e. concrete crushes when too much
compressive force is applied)
construction materials - answerreinforced- concrete (bridge, sewers, foundations), steel (skyscrapers,
utilities, roofing), timber (walls, floors, ceilings, doors)
dead load - answergravitational load of its own weight - permanent
demands for structural engineers - answer1) improvements and upgrades of infrastructures (public
facilities, highways, bridges)
2) experimental work, computing and information technology
3) computer skills - more oriented towards computer-aided engineering due to advancements
dome structure - answerefficient at distributing snow and wind loads, gets proportionally stronger as
size increases, lighter and require fewer materials, energy efficient
dynamic force - answerchanging w/time (i.e. people, furniture)
even-driven load - answeroriginated from the occurrence of earthquake, strong wind, or heavy snow
forces - answerinfluence on an object that causes change in physical quantity
how do we choose materials? - answer1) strength:
tensile/compressive - able to withstand loading
2) density:
high density = great protection but also heavy and difficult to work with
3) hardness:
ability to resist permanent deformation under sharp load
4) ductility:
ability to deform without fracture
5) elasticity:
ability to deform and return to natural state
6) toughness:
ability to resist fracture when stressed
live load - answerweight of things moving about in or upon the structure - transitory/temporary
