Destination B2: Grammar and Vocabulary Textbook for English Language Learners - Prof. Man, Study notes of English Philology

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Destination D O

Grammar &

Vocabulary with Answer Key

I r * l

Malcolm Mann

Steve Taylore-Knowles

MACMILLAN

Suitable for the updated FCE exam

www.hasanboy.uz dan olindi

Macmillan Education

Between Towns Road, Oxford 0X4 3PP

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ISBN 978-0-230-03538-

Text © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2008

Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2008

First published 2006

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Authors' acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Rachel Finnie and Ruth Jimack for their valuable contributions to the

planning, writing and editing of this book.

Glossary definitions and examples from Macmillan Essential Dictionary, text © Bloomsbury

Publishing Pic 2003 and © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2005.

Printed and bound in Thailand

2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 7 6 5 4 3

Introduction

Overview Destination B2: Grammar and Vocabulary has been designed for students preparing to take any examination at B2 (Vantage) level on the Council of Europe's Common European Framework scale. The book provides presentation and practice of all the key grammar, vocabulary and lexico-grammatical areas required for all main B2 level exams, eg Cambridge FCE. There are 28 units in the book, with alternating grammar and vocabulary units.

Grammar Each grammar unit begins with a clear two-page presentation of grammar rules and examples in table form. Important points are highlighted in Watch out! boxes and US/UK differences are explained. The grammar practice exercises follow the order of the grammar presentation on a point-by-point basis, and are graded in difficulty through the unit. Exercise types found in all main B2 level exams are included. In each grammar unit, the vocabulary focus of the following unit is used as a context for presentation and text based exercises.

Vocabulary The vocabulary units are topic based, covering all the topics appropriate to exams at B2 level. Each vocabulary unit begins with a clear presentation table comprising five sections: topic vocabulary in contrast, phrasal verbs, phrases and collocations, word patterns and word formation. The vocabulary exercises are organised according to these sections, and provide systematic practice of the vocabulary presented. Exercise types found in all major B2 examinations are included. The grammar focus of the preceding unit is consolidated within these exercises.

Revision and consolidation Strong emphasis is placed on revision and consolidation.The book includes:

fourteen two-page reviews (after every two units)

two four-page progress tests (after units 14 and 28)

Additional material Additional reference material is provided at the back of the book.This includes:

a list of all key irregular verbs

a unit-by-unit glossary of all contrastive topic vocabulary with definitions and example sentences from

the Macmillan Essential Dictionary

a phrasal verbs database, with definitions and example sentences

a phrases and collocations database

a word patterns database

a word formation database

a guide to the major differences in vocabulary and spelling between US English and UK English

Contents

• Review 9 Units 17 and 18 ■- ■- ^ w f llliil’ ^ /
  • Unit 19 Grammar Questions / question tags / indirect questions
  • Unit 20 Vocabulary Weather and the environment
  • Review 10 Units 19 and
  • Unit 21 Grammar Reported speech / reported questions / reporting verbs
  • Unit 22 Vocabulary Money and shopping
  • Review 11 Units 21 and
  • Unit 23 Grammar Relative clauses / participles
  • Unit 24 Vocabulary Entertainm ent
  • Review 12 Units 23 and 24 1 HiPtJiii Hi QPI
  • Unit 25 Grammar Unreal past,wishes/contrast
  • Unit 26 Vocabulary Fashion and design
  • Review 13 Units 25 and
  • Unit 27 Grammar Inversions / possessives
  • Unit 28 Vocabulary Work and business
• Review 14 Units 27 and
  • Progress Test 2 Units 15-28
  • Reference Section Irregular verbs
    • Verbs + full infinitive or -ing form with a change in meaning
      • Reporting verb patterns
      • Glossary
      • Phrasal verbs database
      • Phrases and collocations database
      • Word patterns database
      • Word formation database
      • US English vs UK English: vocabulary and spelling

Unit 1 (^) Grammar

Present time: present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, star/ve verbs

Present simple Form statement: l/you/we/they travel... negative: l/you/we/they don't travel... question: Do l/you/we/they travel...?

He/she/it travels... He/she/it doesn't travel... Does he/she/it travel...? Use Example \ Current habits (^) Toby walks to work.

\ To talk aDout how often things happen Angela doesn't visit us very often.

; Permanent situations Carlo works in a travel agent's. : States (^) Do you have an up-to-date passport? General truths and facts (^) Poland is in the European Union.

We can also use do/does in present simple statements tor emphasis. 'You don't like going by bus, do you?''Actually, I do like going by bus for short distances.' The bus isn't quicker than the train but il aoes stop right outside the factory

Form statement: I am driving... You/we/they are driving... He/she/it is driving... negative: I'm not driving... You/we/they aren't driving... or You're/we're/they're not driving... He/she/it isn't driv ig ... or He's/she's/it's not driving... question: Am I driving...? Are you/we/they driving...? Is he/she/it driving...? Use Example Actions haopenir.g now (^) Mike is driving to work at the moment. Temporary series of actions (^) Taxi drivers aren't stopping at the train station because of the roadworks. Temporary situations Are they staying in a hotel near the Olympic stadium? Changing and developing situations (^) Holidays abroad are becoming increasingly popular. Annoying habits (usually with always) (^) Dad is always cleaning the car when i want to use it!

Present perfect simple Form (^) have/has f past participle statement: negative: question:

l/you/we/they have flow n... l/you/we/they haven't flow n... Have l/you/we/they flow n...?

He/she/it has flow n... He/she/it hasn't flow n... Has he/she/it flow n...? Use (^) Example Situations and states that started in the past and are still true She's had her motoroike for over six years.

A senes of actions continuing up to now (^) the iast twenty-fourWe've travelled^ by taxi, bus, hours!^ plane and train - all in

Completed actions at a time in the past which is not mentioned Have you ever flown n a helicopter? Completed actions where the important thing is the present result I've booked the coach tickets.

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Unit 1 Grammar

A Circle the correct word or phrase. 1 Elizabeth usually goes / is usually going to bed at around eleven o'clock. 2 Dan talks / is talking on the other phone right now. 3 We don't eat / aren't eating any meat at the moment as we're both on a diet. 4 Does air travel get / Is air travel getting increasingly safe? 5 My mum calls / is calling me every weekend without fail. 6 How much do babysitters generally earn / are babysitters generally earning? 7 You always come / You're always coming up with excuses for not having done your homework. It's so annoying! 8 I don't go / I'm not going out much during the week but I always try / I'm always trying to go out somewhere on Saturday night. 9 No, the train does stop / is stopping at Cirencester on Saturdays. 10 My mum takes / is taking part in ice-skating competitions almost every weekend.

B Rewrite correctly. Change the words or phrases in bold. 1 My dad is often getting up late on Saturday mornings.

I

2 Are you speaking any other languages apart from English?

3 I already buy all my Christmas presents and it's only October!

4 It's the first time I'm ever having a party at home.

5 Actually, I think Darren does works quite hard sometimes.

6 Carlo is never eating Chinese food before.

7 Sean already books a table for tonight.

8 Needs Melanie any help painting her new flat?

C Complete using the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1 It's the first tim e .................................... (I / ever / eat) octopus! 2 San d y .................................... (not / see) his sister since she went to university. 3 T h e y .................................... (go) on holiday to Spain and won't be back until the end of the month. 4 Poor Tracy! She .................................... (write) that essay for hours now and she still hasn't finished! 5 (you / ever / meet) anyone famous? 6 (I / try) to get in touch with Jenny all morning but I can't find her anywhere. 7 (I / not finish) the book yet so I can't tell you what happens. 8 (you / already / decide) where you're going this summer? 9 (We / live) here for the last six years. 1 0 ......................................... (I / never / hear) such nonsense!

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Present time- present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, stative verbs U n it 1

\l Complete using the words in the box.

already • before • ever • for • just • rarely • since • so • still » yet

1 Have you ................. dreamt of winning the lottery? 2 I haven't worked out how to set the timer on the video ................... 3 My dad's lived in the same house ................. he was Dorn. 4 The film's only been on ................. a couple of minutes. 5 Bruce has knocked three men out of the competition ................. far. 6 I ................. get the chance to get any exercise - I'm just too busy. 7 He's o n ly ................. got home. 8 It's eleven o'clock and Todd ................. hasn't come heme. Where could he be? 9 I've never met Ruth ................... What's she like? TO Have you flashed ..................? That was quick!

Choose the correct answer. 1 Ian ........ a shower at the moment, so could you call back in about half an hour? A takes B is taking C has taken D has been taking 2 to Ipswich before? A Do you ever go B Are you ever going C Have you ever been D Have you ever been going 3 I ........ to all the local newspapers and TV stations to complain. A already write B already writing C have already wr. :ten D have already been writing 4 TV for the last four hours? Turn it off and get some exercise! A Do you watch B Are you watching C Watched you D Have you been watching 5 Eric, ........ hockey competitively or just for fun? A do you usually play B are you usually playing C have you usually played D have you usually been play'ng

6 That's the first time .... an answer right today] A I get B I am getting C I have got D I have been getting 7 Jessica has ........ left, I'm afraid. A already B yet C still D so far 8 Dan ........ in the living room whne we redecorate h s bedroom. A sleeps B is sleeping C has slept D does sleep 9 Unfortunately, S, none ........ a day off very often. A doesn't get B isn't getting C hasn't got D hasn't been getting 10 Actually, I ........ a cup of tea first thing every morning but then I switch to coffee. A do drink B am drinking C have drunk D have been drinking

Present time: present simple, present continuous, present perfect simple, present perfect continuous, stative verbs Unit 1

I Write one word in each gap.

H o l i d a y Bl ues

'You've (1) ..................looking at that timetable for the last ten minutes.lt can't be that confusing!'said Sheila angrily. 'I (2) ..................wish you'd be quiet! I've (3) ................... a splitting headache thanks to you!' replied Matt. 'Mum! Dad! Please!'said Alison.'You're both (4) ..................very silly. (5) ................... is no point at all in blaming each other.That's not going to help us find out what time the next train to Budapest is due to leave.' 'You (6) .................. quite right,darling.I (7) ................... sorry/said Sheila. 'Me too/ mumbled Matt.'Now, let's have another look at this timetable. Well, it (8) .................. like we (9) ..................definitely missed the last train today.That was the 18.20 we just missed, wasn't it?' 'I (10) .................. so,'said Sheila/I mean, it did leave at 18.20. Whether it's actually going to Budapest or not is another question.' 'Well, one thing is (11) ..................in doubt/said Matt. 'What's that?'asked Sheila and Alison together. 'This is the worst holiday we've (1 2) .................. been on,' said Matt.'Next year, we're going to try something far less adventurous.' 'Agreed!'said Sheila and Alison.

J Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words in each gap. 1 What's the price of the tickets, Jimmy? much How ................................................................Jim m y? 2 Are these your trainers? to Do ................................................................you? 3 Sasha's not keen on team sports at all. like Sasha ................................................................ team sports at all. 4 It's only her second time in a recording studio, been She ................................................................in a recording studio once before. 5 We got here three hours ago. have We ................................................................three hours. 6 I started writing this hours ago and it's still not right, writing I hours and it's still not right. 7 This is my first experience of flying alone, time It is the first ................................................................alone. 8 Sharon's in the bath at the moment, a Sharon ................................................................at the moment. 9 Paul enjoys surprises apart from on his birthday, does Paul ................................................................surprises, just not on his birthday!

• Travel and transport

Topic vocabulary in contrast J see page 186 for definitions voyage / journey / trip / travel / excursion (^) fare / ticket / fee live / stay view/sight (^) miss / lose border / edge / line world/earth (^) take / bring / go length / distance area/territory (^) book / keep guide / lead season / period (^) arrive / reach (^) native / home

Phrasal verbs catch up with reach the same point/level as (^) pick up stop in a vehicle to give someone a lift check in register at a hotel or an airport pull in stop by the side of the road in a car checkout leave a hotel;investigate (^) run over hit with a car drop off let someone get out of a vehicle; fall asleep see off go to a train station, etc, to see someone leave get back return from a place (^) set out/off start a journey go away go on holiday (^) take off leave the ground keep up with stay at the same point/level as (^) turn round go back in the opposite direction make for go in the direction of

Phrases and collocations accident (^) have an accident; be (involved) in an accident; do sth by accident advance in advance; advance to/towards a place ahead (^) go straight ahead; go ahead; be ahead of sth/sb direction (^) a change of direction; in the direction of sth; in this/that direction head (^) off the top of your head; head for/towards a place; head over heels (in love) holiday go/be on holiday; have/take a holiday; bank holiday left (^) go/turn/etc left;on the left;on the left-hand side; in the left-hand corner;left-handed route (^) plan your/a route; take a route sights (^) see the sights sightseeing go sightseeing speed (^) at (high/full/etc) speed; a burst of speed; speed limit tour (^) go on/take a tour of/(a)round somewhere; tour a place; tour guide trip (^) business trip; school trip; go on a trip; take a trip (to a place) way (^) lose/make/find your way; in a way; on the way; qo all the way (to sth/swh)

Word patterns afraid of sth/sb/doing;afraid to do (^) invite sb to do appear to be (^) keen to do; keen on sth/sb/doing arrange sth (with sb); arrange for sb to do (^) live in/at a place; live on/for sth; live here/there arrive in/at a place; arrive here/there (^) regret (not) doing; regret sth; reqret to tell/inform you continue sth/doing; continue to do; continue with sth (^) think of/about sth/sb/doing differ from sth/sb write write sth down^ about sth/sb/doing; write (sth) (to sb); write sb sth; | dream about/of sth/sb/doing

Word formation arrange rearrange, arrangement (^) direct indirect, direction, director, (in)directly recognise (un)recognisable, recognition arrive arrival (^) distant distantly, distance (^) time timetable broad breadth, broaden enter entrance (^) tour tourism, tourist culture cultural(ly), (un)cultured (^) inhabit inhabitant (^) world worldwide differ different(ly), difference (^) photograph photography, photographer, photographic

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Unit 2 Vocabulary

D Write a phrasal verb in the correct form to replace the words in italics. Add any other words you need. 1 We can start ourjourney.................................... towards the mountains at dawn. 2 Dad fetched the luggage while Mum registered.................................... at the hotel. 3 I asked the taxi driver to let me get out.................................... outside the train station. 4 Oh, no! I've forgotten my passport! We'll have to go back................................... and get it!

5 The most exciting moment is when the plane leaves the ground......................................

6 Stop the car! I think we've h it.................................... a dog. 7 I don't think a horse can ever stay at the same speed a s .................................... a car.

Phrases and collocations

E Write one word in each gap. 1 The speed ..................in towns is 50 km/h and you shouldn't go faster than that. 2 Why don't w e ..................the scenic route along the coast? 3 If you buy your plane ticket..................advance, it's often cheaper than if you wait. 4 I can't remember the name of the hotel we stayed at off th e..................of my head.

5 I'm sorry I'm late! I ..................my way and had to ask for directions.

6 My mum's away in Germany on a business..................at the moment. 7 The bank? Well,turn left here,then g o ..................ahead for a kilometre and it's on the left. 8 If you look on your left-hand..................as we turn this corner, you'll see Big Ben. 9 I'll look round the shops in the morning and then..................sightseeing in the afternoon. 10 My grandma hasn't driven since she .................. an accident last year. 11 I love visiting foreign places,..................the sights and learning about other cultures. 12 During the 70s, many British people started to g o ..................holiday to Spain. 13 While you're in London, you should take a tour..................the Houses of Parliament.

Word patterns

F Choose the correct answer. 1 I've always dreamt........ China. A to visit B of visiting C I visit D visit 2 The travel agency is arranging for us ........ at a really nice hotel. A stay B of staying C to stay D staying 3 My dad says he always regrets ........ more. A to not travel B not travelling C he not travel D of not travelling 4 John seems keen ........ how to drive as soon as he can. A of learning B he learn C for learn D to learn

5 Now, class, I'd like you all to w rite ........ a description of your last holiday.

A me B to me C it me D about me 6 When you arrive ......... have your passport ready. A to the airport B in the airport C on the airport D at the airport 7 The Joneses have invited us ........ to Australia with them this summer. Agoing B forgoing C about going D to go 8 The in-flight entertainment may differ ........ that advertised. A to B from C in D at

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Travel and transport Unit 2

G Find the extra word in each line.

The cancelled trip

1 ... Oh, let me tell you about our trip. Did you know that Sara is afraid of be 2 ... flying? We had arranged it with her family to go to France for a few days. 3 ... I have always wanted to see Paris and would love to live in there one day. 4 ... Well, we got to the airport and Sara appeared being nervous. I asked her if 5 ... she was okay and she said she was fine, so we continued on to our way. 6 ... We went through passport control and I could see so that Sara wasn't 7 ... keen on going any further. Just then, a voice announced:'We regret it to 8 ... inform passengers that Flight 114 to France is been cancelled.'That was 9 ... our flight! Sarah said she was glad because of she was too frightened to 10 ... fly anyway! So,.we all went to home.That was the end of that trip!

Word formation

H Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

It's not always easy being a (1 ) ........................ You spend half your time making (2 ) ...................... for your holiday and the other half worrying about sticking to the (3 ) ........................ I think it's relaxing sometimes to spend a holiday at home.There are no (4 ) ...................... problems, you don't need someone to be the (5 ) ...................... and you know that the local (6 ) ...................... are always friendly!

I Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary. 1 Beijing has changed so much in the last few years that it's almost ........................ (RECOGNISE). 2 The number of cars ...................... (WORLD) is about a billion and is increasing all the time. 3 The new maglev trains run on a completely ...................... (DIFFER) system from ordinary trains. 4 Living in a foreign country really does ...................... (BROAD) your horizons. 5 I can't find a ...................... (DIRECT) flight from London to Delhi so I've booked one that changes in Frankfurt. 6 All passengers must complete a visa form upon ...................... (ARRIVE) at Singapore airport. 7 You can still see old milestones by the side of the road in England, showing the ......................... (DISTANT) to the nearest town. 8 The Museum of Transport has a full-sized jet plane next to th e ...................... (ENTER).

TOUR ARRANGE TIME CULTURE PHOTOGRAPH INHABIT

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(^27) Joan has always been very fond of travelling and has been everywhere, keen Joan has always been very ...................... everywhere. 28 We drove away as fast as we could, ready to begin our adventure, full We drove away....................................... (^29) As the storm started, we went towards the old house, direction As the storm started, we w ent ................. 30 I'm sorry 1 didn't look at the hotel room before 1 booked it. regret 1 ............................................................................... .. the hotel room before 1booked it. (2 marks per answer)

D Choose the correct answer.

(^31) Our next door neighbour ........ his car 34 'I'm really tired of travelling so much.' every Sunday. '1thought you ........ a bit quiet.' A is washing (^) A were seeming B washes B have seemed C has washed C have been seeming D is wash (^) D seemed 32 Last summer, 1........ to the beach (^) 35 'You look thoughtful.' almost everyday. '1........ about our holiday last year.' A went A just think B was going (^) B had just thought C have been (^) C am just think D have been going (^) D was just thinking 33 'Whose is this plane ticket on the floor?' (^) 36 'You went to Chile, didn't you?' 'Oh, it ........ to me.Thank you.' (^) 'No, but 1........ to Peru, which is right A is belonging (^) next door.' B belongs (^) A had gone C has belonged (^) B was gone D belonged (^) C did go D was going (1 mark per answer)

E Choose the correct answer.

37 Three people were captured at the (^40) I'm going to ask for directions because I ........ today trying to get into the think w e've ........ our way. country. (^) A missed C mistaken A line C border B misplaced D lost B equator D edge (^) (^41) We usually do go by train, even though 38 There's a fantastic ........ from the top the car ........ is a lot quicker. of the Empire State Building! A travel C trip A view C appearance B journey D voyage B sight D look (^) 42 Passengers requiring a special meal (^39) Once we get to the hotel, let's just ....... during the flight should inform the quickly and then do a bit of sightseeing. (^) airline in .......... A set down C checkin A ahead C advance B make up D turn up (^) B front D forward (1 mark per answer) T o t a l m a r k : (^) ......... / 5 0

unit 3 i i Grammar

• Past time: past simple, past continuous, past perfect simple, past perfect continuous, would, used to / be/get used to ( Past simple ) Form statement: (^) l/you/he/she/it/we/they played... Note: Irregular verbs do not take'ed' in the negative: l/you/he/she/it/we/they didn't p la y ... past simple. Learn the past simple form of question: Did l/you/he/she/it/we/they p la y ...? irregular verbs.See page 194. Use Example I Single completed actions (^) Tom and 1played a game ofchess and he won. Habits in the past (^) Did you collect stamps when you were younger? j Permanent situations in the past (^) A famous footballer lived in our house before we bought it. __ General truths and facts about the past (^) Crosswords didn't become popular until the 1930s.

] The main events in a story (^) the goal.The referee^ blew^ the whistle and Simon^ passed^ the ball to^ James, who^ ran^ towards

_ J We can also use did in past simple statements for emphasis. , ^CY\ Q^ - < ^ / 'Why didn't you win your match yesterday?' 7 did win. Who told you I didn't?' ^ j / We lost 5-0but at least we did get into the final.

( Past continuous ) Form (^) statement: l/he/she/it was p layin g ... You/we/they were p layin g ... negative: (^) I/he/she/it wasn't p layin g ... You/we/they weren't p layin g... question: Was l/he/she/it p layin g ...? Were you/we/they p layin g ...? Use (^) Example Actions happening at a particular moment in the past At five o'clock, 1was reading^ my new book. Temporary situations in the past (^) Greg was living in London at the time. Annoying past habits (usually with always) (^) When we were young, my brother was always borrowing my toys. Actions in progress over a period of time (^) Daniel was playing video games all morning yesterday. Two actions in progress at the same time (^) Were Ulla and her friends playing Monopoly while we were playing Draughts? Background information in a story (^) looked out.The sun^ was shining^ and the birds^ were singing.^ Lisa opened the window and

• When one action in the past interrupts another action in progress, we use the past simple and the past continuous together. / I was playing on my computer when it suddenly crashed.
• We do not use the past continuous for regular or repeated actions in the past. / When we were on holiday, we played volleyball every day. X Wheirwe were on holiday, we were playing volleyball every day .—
• We do not usually use stative verbs in continuous tenses. See Unit 1, page 7.

( Past perfect simple ) Form had + past participle Use Example I Situations and states before the past We'd lived next to the gym for a couple of months before 1decided tojoin. Completed actions before a moment in the j past

I'd already bought the computer game when 1saw it was cheaper in another shop. Completed actions where the important thing is the result at a moment in the past

We didn't feel like playing Scrabble because we hadjust finished a long game ofMonopoly.

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