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In the Name of God

Pre- Intermediate Intermediate

Second Edition

An Essential Course in Teaching Reading and Vocabulary for Learners of English

Skilled Readers

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Units Page Topic Reading Skill VocabularySkill GrammarFocus Unit 1 1 Niagara Falls Scanning Synonyms Simple PresentTe nse Unit 2 8 Bad Things May BeGood Main Idea Hyponyms Simple Past Tense Unit 3 15 Lighthouses Skimming Phrasal Verbs Modals Unit 4 22 A DangerousDinner Fact/Opinion Voc. Notebook Prese nt Pe rfe ctTe nse Unit 5 29 Review - Test Rev iew Rev iew Rev iew Unit 6 36 Air Quality Visualizing Le xical Se ts Past Perfect Te nse Unit 7 44 Nuclear Bombs Active Reading Flash Cards Conjunctions Unit 8 51 Tablets AddingInformation Collocations Passive Voice Unit 9 59 First Restaurants Time line L1 Cognate s -ingAdjectives -ed Unit 10 66 Save theEnvironment ChronologicalOrder Word Family Relative Pronouns Unit 11 73 A Real Story Rev iew Rev iew Rev iew Unit 12 79 A Long Life Fantasy/Reality Mne monic Fractions/Perce ntage APPENDIX 1 Irregular Verbs APPENDIX 2 Pronunciation Guide

SNAPSHOT

2 Skilled^ Readers^ Unit^1

Reading Activity

Niagara Falls Niagara Falls is one of the most famous and high waterfalls in the world. Why? Because the great beauty and immense size of Niagara natural wonders! Niagara Falls is part of the Niagara River. The Niagara is a short river, just 35 miles (56 kilometers) long. It connects two lakes in eastern North America. East of the river is the United States. West of the river is Canada. Niagara Falls is two giant waterfalls and one smaller one. An island lies between the two main falls. One big waterfall, called American Falls, is on the U.S. side of the river. American Falls has a fairly straight edge. The waterfall is 1,075 feet (328 meters) wide and 182 feet (55 meters) high. The biggest of the two giant waterfalls is in Canada and is known as

horseshoe shape. The curved edge of the Canadian Falls measures 2,200 feet (670 meters) wide and the water drops 187 feet (57 meters). The Canadian Falls carries nine times more water than the American Falls! Millions of people come each year to watch the popular and attractive waterfalls. Visitors can watch from observation decks above or beside the falls. You can even enter a cave that takes you to the base of a smaller falls. Niagara Falls makes an enormous roar and a huge cloud of water mist. Rainbows shine through the mist. At night, the falls are lit with

Niagara Falls (^3)

By scanning you look for specific information, do not need to read every word and move your eyes quickly over lines.

Post-Reading Activities

Understanding the Passage A) Check ( statements as true or false. STATEMENTS True False 1. Niagara Falls is the highest in the world. 2. Niagara River is placed between two lakes. 3. Shining moon and mist create rainbows at night. B) Choose the correct answer. 1 . Niagara is a _____ that is 56 kilometers long. a) river b) lake c) cave (^2) . Horseshoe Falls is another name for _____ Falls. a) Niagara b) Canadian c) American 3 . The following picture is probably related to the _____ paragraph. a) second b) fourth c) sixth

Reading Skill: Scanning

Glance over the main text and choose the correct answer. 1 . Niagara River connects two lakes in eastern _____. a) North America b) United States c) North Canada

colored lights, creating a brilliant display!

Niagara Falls (^5)

extend increase expand grow Now write a synonym for the following words. immense = display = huge = attractive = famous = observe = giant = mist = Word Analysis: Noun Maker Suffixes # 1 Complete the following table. No. (^) Verb Noun Adjective Adverb

1. (^) measure
2. (^) observe (^) ******
3. (^) excel excellence
4. (^) ****** importance Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word within parentheses.
5. We took _____________ in all the rooms. (measure)
6. He spent two nights under close _____________ in hospital. (observe)
7. Can they keep their level of _____________? (excel)
8. We must place great _____________ on education. (important)

A Focus on Basic Grammar: Simple Present Tense

We use simple present tense to talk about things in general. We use it to say that something happens all the time, repeatedly, or that something is true in general.

I/you/we/they/my friends... read like work live do have He/she/my father/ it... reads likes works lives does has

6 Skilled^ Readers^ Unit^1

Study the following examples: 1. I like big cities. 2. The stores open at 9 o'clock and close at 8:30 PM. 3. The earth goes around the sun. 4. It costs a lot of money to stay at expensive hotels. 5. She has lunch at home every day.

Simple present tense usually comes with frequency adverbs. These adverbs always come before the main verb. 100% always / usually / often / sometimes / rarely / seldom / never 0%

The following adverbs of time are also used with simple present tense. They usually come at the end of the sentences. every day, very often, every week, once a week, every year, twice a

year, every two weeks, most of the time, all the time, ...

Examples: 1. John usually plays tennis once or twice a week. 2. Ted gets up at 8:00 every morning. Simple present questions are made using do and does. 3. Do they work here? 4. Does it rain much in your country? 5. Do you do your job well?

They drive to work. She speaks always English at class. She always speaks English at class.

8 Skilled Readers^ Unit 2

Pre-Reading Activities

A) Quick Form Recognition: Read the words in the left column and circle the same words in the right columns. You may not need to translate all words. coffee coffee cafe caffeine coffee prevent prevents pretend prevented prevent disease disease disuse decrease diseases expert excerpt export experts expert cancer cancer cancel chance center quick quit quick quite quiet B) Answer the following questions.

1. How many hours do you play computer games a day? ____________
2. Do you like coffee? __________ Why? __________________________________________________
3. What is the relationship between sunlight and strong bones?

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C) Key Vocabulary Preview: Study the definitions or synonyms of the new words. (See appendix 2 for pronunciation guide.) Word Form Pronunciation Synonyms or Definitions anxious adj.^ k^ worried healthy adj. / well; not ill disease n^ zi^ z/^ illness expert n^ /^ t/^ professional skill n^ professional ability wake up (^) v /^ to stop sleeping, or to make someone stop sleeping prevent v^ vent/^ to stop produce v^ dju^ s/^ to make stimulate v^ to help an activity begin ordevelop

Unit 2

Bad Things May Be Good (^9)

Reading Activity

Bad Things May Be Good We all know that a cup of coffee helps to wake you up in the morning, but several studies show that drinking coffee helps to prevent some

disease. Experts say that you can safely drink three cups of coffee during the day, but if you drink too much coffee, it can make you feel anxious or keep you awake at night. Spending a long time in the sun is dangerous and can give you skin cancer. But on the other hand, not spending enough time in the sun is also bad for you, as sunlight helps us to produce vitamin D. This vitamin is important for strong bones and a healthy immune system, and it also makes people feel happier. Nowadays

because they wear sunscreen all the

sun 15 minutes a day without sunscreen is a healthy amount, and not at midday. You probably worry about how much time you or your children waste playing computer games. But in fact some studies show that these games can help us learn important skills. It seems that computer games stimulate the brain and that people who often play them are

Bad Things May Be Good (^11)

Main idea is the writer's general message(s) in a paragraph or text. It is important to understand the main idea(s) of every paragraph and of the whole text.

Reading Skill: Main Idea

Read the statements and check the main ideas or details.

Structure Focus: Long Subjects

Look at the following examples. They have one-word subjects.

1. Studies show that drinking coffee helps to prevent some illnesses.
2. It seems that computer games stimulate the brain.
3. They wear sunscreen all the time. But the following examples have multiword or long subjects.
4. A cup of coffee helps to wake you up in the morning.
5. Spending a long time in the sun is dangerous.
6. 15 minutes a day without sunscreen is a healthy amount.

No. (^) STATEMENTS MAIN IDEA DETAILS

1. (^) Drinking coffee can improve your health.
2. (^) Children like computer games.
3. (^) Diabetes is a bad illness.
4. (^) Vitamin D is important for strong bones and a healthy immune system.
5. (^) Spending a long time in the sun is dangerous but (^15) minutes a day without sunscreen is good.
6. (^) Some people drink 3 cups of coī ee a day.
7. (^) There is a positive side for many bad things.
8. (^) Computer games can increase brain abilities.

12 Skilled^ Readers^ Unit^2

Vocabulary Practice Fill in the blanks with a proper word. immunization prevention anxiety production disease

1. ___________ is better than cure.
2. Malaria is still a common ___________ in West Africa.
3. The fear of unemployment can create ___________ among people.
4. Cancer prevents body from the ___________ of white blood cells.
5. The following picture reminds you of the

Vocabulary Skill: Hyponymy

When the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another, the relationship is described as hyponymy inclusion that if an object is a rose, then it is necessarily a , so the meaning of is included in the meaning of rose. Or, rose is a hyponym of. This lexical relation can also be used as a trick for learning vocabulary. Examples: 1 . Red, yellow, green, blue color. (^2) . Murder, hang, suicide, smother kill.

Use the hyponym test below and write hyponyms of the words animal and . Hyponym test: Murder is a kind of killing. So murder is a hyponym of kill.

3 . _______, _______, _______, _______... are hyponyms of the word animal. 4 . _______, _______, ______, ______... are hyponyms of the word furniture.

14 Skilled^ Readers^ Unit^2

The following adverbs are commonly used with simple past tense.

Simple past questions are made using did. 8. Did you have time to write the letter? 9. Did he do his homework last night? 10.Did it snow on Sunday? Simple past negatives are made using (did not). 11.I (did not) have free time yesterday. 12.He do his homework on time. 13.It rain last month. Write the correct form of the verbs in the blanks. 1 . Mozart______________ more than 100 pieces of music.(compose) 2 . We ______________Rosa in town a few days ago. (see) 3 . The movie wasn't very good. He ______________it very much.(enjoy) 4 . It was warm, so I______________ off my coat. (take)

Self-Selected Wordlist

Review the previous pages and write the main words that you think need more attention. Word Meaning Word Meaning Word Meaning

Lighthouses (^15)

Pre-Reading Activities

A) Word-Picture Matching: Match the words with pictures. Write the Farsi meaning of the words.

coast / reflect / rock / signal / wood / rotate

B) Key Vocabulary Preview: Study the definitions or synonyms of the new words. (See appendix 2 for pronunciation guide.) Word Form Pronunciation Synonyms or Definitions foggy adj. / full of fog strong adj. having a lot of power lonely adj. / not with other people powerful adj.^ /^ l/^ strong soot n (^) black powder shine v to produce bright light protect v^ tekt/^ to look after burn v^ n/^ to be on fire reflect v^ flekt/^ to send back light, heat, orsound

Unit 3

Lighthouses (^17)

Lighthouses of the past were lit by burning coal or wood. Many lighthouses burned whale oil, especially those in the United States. In the late 1800s, lighthouses began to burn gas in their lamps. Lighthouse keepers were needed to keep fires burning and clean up soot the fires created.

Today, most lighthouses use high-power electric lights that rotate. Reflecting mirrors and lenses make the light beam stronger. The lights work much like the lamp on top of a police car, but they are much more powerful.

Post-Reading Activities

Understanding the Passage Read the following words and check ( ) the words that you think are critical or uncritical in understanding the passage above. Answers may vary. No. WORD IMPORTANT^ IMPORTANTNOT No. WORD IMPORTANT^ IMPORTANTNOT

1. (^) buildings 13. (^) living
2. (^) seacoasts 14. (^) family
3. (^) flashing 15. (^) weeks
4. (^) night 16. (^) needed
5. (^) guide 17. (^) fires
6. (^) dangers 18. (^) wood
7. (^) rocks 19. (^) especially
8. (^) painted 20. (^) soot
9. (^) during 21. (^) created (^10) thousands 22. (^) rotate
10. (^) enormous 23. (^) mirrors
11. (^) lighthouse 24. (^) lamp

18 Skilled^ Readers^ Unit^3

In skimming you look for general ideas part of the paragraphs or every word and move your eyes quickly over lines.

Reading Skill: Skimming

Skim the above passage and write the number of the paragraphs in which you find the following ideas. No. (^) IDEAS (^) Par.

1. They warn ships of hard-to-see dangers such as rocks or strong currents. __
2. (^) Many lighthouses burned whale oil. __
3. (^) Lights guide ships that sail close to the coast. __
4. (^) Many lighthouses had lighthouse keepers living in them. (^) __
5. (^) The lights work much like the lamp on top of a police car. __
6. In the late 1800 s, lighthouses began to burn gas in their lamps. __
7. (^) Lighthouses were built at least as long as 2 , 600 years ago. __

Structure Focus: Compound Adjectives

Look at the following examples. 1. a good-looking boy 2. one-way traffic 3. a part-time job 4. hard-to-see dangers 5. out-of-the-way place 6. high-power electric lights 7. so-called Seven Wonders of the World 8. light-green leaves

Compound adjectives are made up of two or more words usually written with hyphens between them. They may be qualitative, classifying or color adjectives.