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Environmental Physiology Midterm exam.pdf
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Would we expect performance to decrease more for a sedentary person or an athlete in the heat? Explain your answer. - answer ✅✅Sedentary. Athletes are more likely to push past the discomfort and not decrease performance. A sedentary person is more likely to decrease performance d/t thermal comfort (a behavioral response to heat) At what temperature do we start seeing heat sickness/protein denaturation? At what temperature do elite athletes finish their races? Explain how this is possible. - answer ✅✅40.0C. At about that temperature. Elite athletes have heat shock proteins that allow for them to reach that temperature without damage done to the body. What drives thermal behaviour? What drives physiological responses? - answer ✅✅Thermal behavior is driven by skin temperature and includes voluntary responses. Physiological responses are involuntary and are under hypothalamic control.
Behavioral responses tend to be utilized first as they are more cost effective. What are the two physiological responses to the heat? Name two behavioural responses. - answer ✅✅Physiological: vasodilation, increased cardiac output. Behavioral: lower work rate, seek shade What is the human heat balance equation? Briefly describe each component and the factors that alters them. - answer ✅✅M-W = (K+C+R) + E +/- S Jack and John both weigh 70 kg. They both run for 30 min on the same day (same environmental temperature). Jack runs at 10 km/h and John runs at 8 km/h. Who would you expect to be hotter and why? - answer ✅✅Jack. He has a higher work rate. With other variables accounted for, this means he will have greater heat (assuming that sweating does not neutralize the difference) What predominantly dictates core temperature? What predominantly dictates sweat losses? - answer ✅✅Core temperature is dictated by the hypothalamus. Sweat loss is dictated by work? Name two ways we can tell if exercise in a given environment is compensable or uncompensable. - answer ✅✅ What part of the brain regulates core temperature? How does it do this? Explain how skin/peripheral tissue temperature modifies this process? What other factors can modify this process and how? - answer ✅✅
What is hyponatremia? Who gets it? How? - answer ✅✅ What are the four main physiological mechanisms that cause a reduction in sport performance in the heat? What causes them? Name an intervention that could help combat each one of these physiological mechanisms. - answer ✅✅ What does "thermotolerance" mean? - answer ✅✅ Explain what CIVD is. Name two things that improves CIVD. - answer ✅✅ Name three physiological responses to cold stress. - answer ✅✅ Explain the differences between burst and tonal shivering. - answer ✅✅ What is brown adipose tissue? How does it work? Who has it? Who doesn't? - answer ✅✅ How does piloerection help keep us warm? - answer ✅✅ How do clothes help keep us warm? - answer ✅✅ What is cold-induced bronchoconstriction? What enduces it? Name two things to counteract it. - answer ✅✅
Name three physiological responses characteristic of cold acclimation. - answer ✅✅ Sarah and Meghan both weigh 60 kg. They both exercise for 30 min on the same day (same environmental temperature). Sarah is on a bike Meghan is running. Who would you expect to be hotter and why? - answer ✅✅ Terry and Larry go for a run together (same speed - answer ✅✅same terrain, same environmental conditions). They both weigh 75 kg. Terry is wearing a backpack that weighs 10 kg. Who would you expect to be hotter and why? Eleanor has a VO2max of 60ml/kg/min and Teressa has a VO2max of 40 ml/kg/min. They both weigh 50 kg. They go for a run together (same speed - answer ✅✅same terrain, same environmental conditions). Who is hotter? Who is sweating more? Explain your answer. Eleanor has a VO2max of 60ml/kg/min and Teressa has a VO2max of 40 ml/kg/min. They both go for a run at 60% of VO2 max on the same day (same terrain - answer ✅✅same environmental conditions). Who is hotter? Who is sweating more? Explain your answer. You have an athlete exercising on a bicycle at 100 W and their cycling efficiency is 20%. They are exercising indoors in a 34°C and their skin temperature is also 34°C. They are using a fan so all of
on y-axis) to change with time during a period of rest - answer ✅✅followed by a bout of steady-state exercise under compensable and uncompensable heat stress conditions. HINT: Plot rates of heat production and total heat loss on the same graph and label the graph - answer ✅✅