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BIO 220 Exam 1 Study Guide GCU
Environmental Science - Question and answersthe systematic study of our environment and our proper place in it Interdisciplinary Enviromental Science - Question and answersNatural Sciences, Social Sciences, Humanities Scientific Method - Question and answersidentify question, form hypothesis, collect date to test hypothesis, interpret results, report for peer review, publish findings ecological footprint - Question and answersthe impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources. carbon footprint - Question and answersthe amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc. Three Pillars of Sustainability - Question and answersenvironment, economy, society abiotic factors - Question and answersNonliving components of environment. biotic factors - Question and answersAll the living organisms that inhabit an environment levels of organization for life - Question and answers1. life is organized
- a living organism can adapt to changes in the environment
- it can regulate the metabolism and maintain homeostasis
- it can grow
- it is capable of reproducing Species - Question and answersindividuals that can breed with one another and produce fertile offspring Population - Question and answersall of the individuals of a species that live in the same area geographic distribution - Question and answersthe area inhabited by a population
Density - Question and answersthe number of individuals of the same species that live in a given unit of area population growth 3 factors - Question and answersnumber of births, number of deaths, and individuals that enter (immigration) or leave (emigration) a population Community - Question and answersAll the different populations that live together in an area Ecosystem - Question and answersA community of organisms and their abiotic environment carrying capacity - Question and answersLargest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support limiting factors - Question and answersA factor that causes population growth to decrease density dependent factors - Question and answerslimiting factor that depends on population size (effects large populations) density independent factors - Question and answerslimiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size (ex: natural disaster) competition - Question and answerscrowded organisms compete with one another for food, water, space, sunlight, & other essentials Predation - Question and answersAn interaction in which one organism kills another for food. parasitism and disease - Question and answerssymbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism (the host) and consequently harms it (often causing disease or death) habitat - Question and answersthe natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism. ecological niche - Question and answersA specific role of a species within an ecosystem, including its use of resources, and relationships with other species. generalist species - Question and answersSpecies with a broad ecological niche. They can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions. Examples are flies, cockroaches, mice, rats, and human beings. Compare specialist species.
logistic growth - Question and answersGrowth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth r-strategist - Question and answersreproduce early in life; many small unprotected offspring (ex: weeds, cockroaches, bacteria) K strategist - Question and answersreproduce late in life; few offspring; care for offspring (ex: humans, elephants) natural selection - Question and answersA process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. Charles Darwin - Question and answers-Evolution by "natural selection" (the weaker die out) wrote On the Origin of Species Speciation - Question and answersdevelopment of a new species allopatric speciation - Question and answersThe formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another. sympatric speciation - Question and answersThe formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area intraspecific competition - Question and answerscompetition between members of the same species interspecific competition - Question and answerscompetition between members of different species competitive exclusion principle - Question and answersEcological rule that states that no two species can occupy the same exact niche in the same habitat at the same time abundance - Question and answerstotal number of organisms in a community diversity - Question and answersthe number of species present in a community as well as the relative abundance of each species ecological structure - Question and answerspatterns of spatial distribution of individuals and populations within a community Clustered Distribution - Question and answersfor protection, mutual assistance, reproduction, access to resources uniform distribution - Question and answersDistribution where populations are spaced evenly
keystone species - Question and answersA species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem Law of Thermodynamics - Question and answersenergy must be supplied (from the sun) to keep biological processes, it becomes dissipated first law of thermodynamics - Question and answersEnergy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. second law of thermodynamics - Question and answerswhen energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat) Photosynthesis equation - Question and answers6CO2 + 6H2O + solar energy ------> C6H12O6 + 6O cellular respiration equation - Question and answersC6H12O6+6O2-
6CO2+6H2O+energy cellular respiration - Question and answersProcess that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen intrinsic value - Question and answersValue of an organism, species, ecosystem, or the earth's biodiversity based on its existence, regardless of whether it has any usefulness to us. Extrinsic Value - Question and answersconsequences for an action that are imposed by others, such as incentives or punishment Stewardship - Question and answersresponsibility for conserving and restoring the Earth's resources for future generations environmental justice - Question and answersA recognition that access to a clean, healthy environment is a fundamental right of all human beings. symbiotic relationship - Question and answersclose interaction between species in which one species lives in or on the other competitive exclusion - Question and answersStrong competition can lead to local elimination of one of the species. clumped dispersion pattern - Question and answersa pattern in which the individuals of a population are aggregated in patches
open system - Question and answersmatter can enter from or escape to the surroundings positive feedback loop - Question and answersa feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified negative feedback loop - Question and answersA feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving genetic drift - Question and answerschanges in the composition of the gene pool due to chance founder effect - Question and answersgenetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area bottleneck effect - Question and answersA change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population genetic diversity - Question and answersa measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population Wetland Biome - Question and answersa major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate
