Enzymes Revision Sheet, Summaries of Biology

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AQA A-level Biology: Q Enzymes What enzymes are . ’ Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up SB < reactions without being used up. Active site = s as Active site The active site is the part of the enzyme where the substrate binds. Enzyme-substrate complex aa The substrate fits into the active site to form an enzyme-substrate complex. Activation energy Without > enzyme Enzymes lower activation energy, so @ With reactions happen faster. uw EL ----- cay Progress of reaction Factors affecting enzymes Temperature pH Substrate concentration e Higher temperature ¢ Changes charges S increases kinetic energy on amino acids a] © Too high causes Can break ionic 5 bonds to break 2 aG; aid hyctogeg bonds) & Substrate concentration © The active site © The active site Ratell fi changes shape fi hy ¢ Rate increases at first Se he ¢ Then plateaus when all ° a The enzyme denatures active sites are occupied Exam tip Use the phrase: the active site is no longer complementary to the substrate.