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SECTION 3: EPITHELIAL TISSUE
3.001 All of the following are components of the most common epithelial junctional complex EXCEPT: A. zonula occludens B. macula adherens C. zonula adherens D. fascia adherens E. intermediate filaments of the cytokeratin type 3.002 As you look at a slide you see secretory units or groups of cells with secretory granules in their cytoplasm and simple cuboidal to columnar cells lining a variety of different sized tubular structures. Identify this section. A. endocrine gland B. compound acinar-alveolar gland C. straight tubular gland D. unicellular gland E. none of the above are correct 3.003 Which type of sheet-like epithelium helps form a serosa? A. simple columnar B. simple cuboidal C. simple squamous D. stratified cuboidal E. transitional 3.004 Which of the following does NOT apply to microvilli? A. associated with glycocalyx
B. actin containing microfilaments C. brush/striated border D. tubulin E. increased surface area 3.005 In which of the following sheet-like epithelia do all cells touch the basement membrane but not all cells reach or border the lumen. A. transitional B. stratified squamous non-keratinizing C. stratified squamous keratinizing D. pseudostratified columnar E. stratified cuboidal as in the duct of a sweat gland D. is correct. The classical epithelial junctional complex from the luminal or apical side of the epithelium toward basal lamina is ZO-ZA-MA. Cytokeratin intermediate filaments are components of the MA. The fascia adherens is not a component of this most common type of junction between epithelial cells. B. is correct. The sheet-like epithelium lining the tubes indicates a duct system. Since many ducts can be seen the duct system is branched or compound. Secretory units or acini/alveoli of the serous type are indicated by the presence of secretory granules in the cytoplasm. C. is correct. A serosa such as that of the visceral and parietal pleura is composed of a sheet of simple squamous cells or mesothelium with some submesothelial connective tissue. A neoplasm of this epithelium is called a mesothelioma. D. is correct. Tubulin is the protein component of microtubules which are found in cilia and flagella, not in microvilli. D. is correct.
A. vegetative intermitotic B. differentiating intermitotic C. reverting postmitotic D. fixed postmitotic 3.010 Identify the epithelium: the superficial cells contain cytoplasmic areas of folded cell membrane forming vesicles which represent a reservoir of cell membrane? A. stratified squamous keratinizing B. stratified squamous non-keratinizing C. stratified columnar D. transitional E. stratified cuboidal D. is correct. Metaplasia is the process in which one adult epithelium is replaced by a different adult epithelium. The most common case is the change from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium in the trachea and bronchi as a result of exposure to cigarette smoke. E. is correct. Holocrine secretion is characterized by the death of the entire cell. Merocrine is the usual form of secretion in which the product is exocytosed. Apocrine is when a part of the apical region of the cytoplasm actually is a component of the secretory product. Most hormones whether they are autocrine, paracrine or endocrine are released via the merocrine route of cell secretion. B. is correct. The enzymes necessary to synthesize steroids from precursor molecules are located in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. A. is correct. These are the stems cells for this epithelium. These vegetative intermitotics divide and produce daughter cells which (1) can remain attached to the basement membrane and continue to function as vegetative intermitotics or (2) can leave the
basal layer and move into more superficial layers where they begin to undergo some cytodifferentiation or cell specialization but they still retain (remember?) the capability to run the cell cycle and divide. In this case these cells can be classified as differentiating intermitotics. As their daughter cells continue to differentiate and move toward the surface of the epithelium they eventually, progressively lose the capability to divide and can then be classified as fixed postmitotics. D. is correct. This is a characteristic feature of transitional epithelium which allows the epithelium to expand and radically change shape as the urinary bladder fills. 3.011 The following description applies to which structure: an anastomosing system of ridges extends around the entire perimeter of the cells involved, the ridges are composed of integral membrane proteins which interlock with integral membrane proteins of opposing ridges. A. macula adherens B. zonula adherens C. macula occludens D. zonula occludens E. nexus 3.012 Which of the following cell junctions or attachment sites has a marginal band of microfilaments anchoring to the cell membrane? A. macula adherens B. zonula adherens C. macula occludens D. zonula occludens E. nexus 3.013 Which of the following cell junctions or attachment sites has tonofilaments anchored into disc-like plaques of electron-dense material. A. macula adherens B. zonula adherens
The macula adherens or desmosome is a spot attachment site in which intermediate filaments are attached or hooked into an electron dense plaque on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane. E. is correct. The cap or nexus junction is an array of tubular channels that span the gap or intercellular space between two cells. The cylindrical walls of these tiny "straws" are called connexons. E. is correct. It is through the gap or nexus junction that adjacent cells are connected physiologically to form an ionic syncytium. Waves of excitation almost simultaneously pass through gap junctions. 3.016 The following description correctly applies to which structure: 20-30 bundled actin filaments run parallel to the long axis and these filaments are bundled fimbrin and villin. A. cilia B. microvilli C. flagella D. desmosome E. basal lamina substructure 3.016 For which of the following does the following statement apply: underneath the plasma membrane there is a dense plaque into which tonofilaments are connected. A. desmosome B. zonula C. zonula occludens D. gap junction 3.017 For which of the following does the following statement apply: ions pass quickly through here. A. desmosome
B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction 3.018 For which of the following does the following statement apply: outer bilayer halves of adjacent two cell membranes are fused. A. desmosome B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction 3.019 For which of the following does the following statement apply: the extracellular space is eliminated here. A. desmosome B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction 3.020 For which of the following does the following statement apply: found in high concentration in the stratum spinosum of epidermis. A. desmosome B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction B. is correct. Bundles of actin filaments form the scaffolding or internal support structure of microvilli. A. is correct. This describes the desmosome. It has the most dense plaque of all the other cell
3.023 For which of the following does the following statement apply: 4 to 6 units of connexin form a connexon. A. desmosome B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction 3.024 For which of the following does the following statement apply: the subcellular plaque material has a high concentration of vinculin. A. desmosome B. zonula adherens C. zonula occludens D. gap junction 3.026 Which of the following lines the trachea? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium I. transitional epithelium C. is correct. In the zonula occludens or tight junction, the outer layers of each of the two opposing cell membranes are fused along ridges. This fusion site eliminates the extracellular space and blocks the movement of membrane proteins and lipids.
B. is correct. Although the region just under the plasmalemma in both the desmosome and the zonula adherens is thickened to form a plaque, the plaques associated with adherens junctions are not as dense as those of the desmosome. In the desmosome, anchoring tonofilaments radiate from the plaque into the cytoplasm. In the adherens junction, fibers much thinner than tonofilaments radiate from the "not so dense" plaque. These thinner microfilaments are actin microfilaments. D. is correct. A gap junction is a small circle of 4-6 subunits of a protein called connexin. Connexins vary extensively from tissue to tissue. B. is correct. Adherens junctions contain significant amounts of the actin-binding protein vinculin which is involved in linking the plasmalemma to the actin microfilaments of the cytoskeleton. H. is correct. The "respiratory epithelium" is a pseudostratified columnar epithelium, with several types of cells in it. One type of cell in this epithelium contains cilia. 3.027 Which of the following lines the small intestine? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- transitional epithelium 3.028 Which of the following lines the duct of a sweat gland in the dermis of the
D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium I. transitional epithelium C. is correct. The entire lining of the small intestine is simple columnar epithelium. F. is correct. Stratified cuboidal epithelium is not very common. The ducts of the eccrine sweat glands of the integument, however, are lined by it. A. is correct. The thoracic duct, as well as all other lymphatic ducts, as well as all blood vessels, is lined by a simple squamous epithelium or endothelium. I. is correct. The minor and major calyces are lined by transitional epithelium, as are the ureter and the urinary bladder. 3.031 Which of the following lines the major collecting ducts in kidney? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium
H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- transitional epithelium 3.032 What tissue type covers the surface of the ovary? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- transitional epithelium 3.033 What tissue type covers the surface of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule of the kidney? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium I. transitional epithelium 3.034 What tissue type covers the surface of the true vocal fold of the larynx?
C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium I. transitional epithelium 3.036 What tissue type lines the epididymis? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- transitional epithelium 3.037 What tissue type covers the surface of the visceral pleura? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium
G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium I. transitional epithelium 3.038 What tissue type lines the fossa navicularis of the penis? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium I. transitional epithelium G. is correct. Stratified columnar epithelium is rare in the human. However, patches of this type of epithelium can be found in both the male and the female urethras. H. is correct. The epididymis is lined by a pseudostratified columnar epithelium. A special feature here is the tuft of microvilli on each columnar cell giving the name stereocilia to these structures. A. is correct. The visceral and parietal pleura are serous membranes, just like the comparable visceral and parietal peritoneum. The surfaces of these membranes are covered by a simple squamous epithelium given the special name of mesothelium. Mesothelioma is a neoplasm of these cells. E. is correct. The epithelial lining of the penile urethra, proximal to the junction with the skin over
C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium I. transitional epithelium 3.042 What tissue type covers the anterior surface of the lens? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium I. transitional epithelium C. is correct. Without stimulation by thyroid stimulating hormone the epithelial lining of the thyroid follicles is of a cuboidal to fat squamous type. However, under TSH stimulation the normally cuboidal/fat squamous epithelium is stimulated to "new heights" for the production of colloid and/or the uptake of colloid with enzymatic processing to the thyroid hormones tri-and tetra-iodothyronine. C. is correct. The hepatic duct, cystic duct and common bile duct are lined by a simple columnar epithelium.
D. is correct. The external surface of the tympanic membrane is skin. B. is correct. The anterior surface of the lens is covered by a simple cuboidal epithelium. There is no such epithelium on the posterior surface of the lens. The exterior of the lens is coated with a homogeneous layer of collagen and proteoglycans called the capsule of the lens. 3.043 What tissue type lines the uterine cavity? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium H. pseudostratified columnar epithelium I. transitional epithelium 3.044 What tissue type lines the majority of the penile urethra? A. simple squamous epithelium B. simple cuboidal epithelium C. simple columnar epithelium D. stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium E. stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium F. stratified cuboidal epithelium G. stratified columnar epithelium
