Download Cognitive Psychology Key Concepts: Memory, Perception, and Attention and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
EPPP Cognitive with complete solution
2023 updated
Psychophysics - correct answer the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them just noticeable difference - correct answer the threshold at which one can distinguish two stimuli that are of different intensities, but otherwise identical Phonological loop - correct answer the part of working memory that holds and processes verbal and auditory information working memory - correct answer A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. short-term memory - correct answer activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten sensory memory - correct answer the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system long-term memory - correct answer the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. semantic memory - correct answer a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world episodic memory - correct answer the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place
implicit memory - correct answer retention independent of conscious recollection procedural memory - correct answer a type of implicit memory that involves motor skills and behavioral habits visuospatial sketchpad - correct answer A component of working memory where we create mental images to remember visual information recency effect - correct answer tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well primacy effect - correct answer tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well source amnesia - correct answer attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined James-Lange Theory - correct answer the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli Cannon-Bard Theory - correct answer the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion central route processing - correct answer type of information processing that involves attending to the content of the message itself peripheral route processing - correct answer type of information processing that involves attending to factors not involved in the message, such as the appearance of the source of the message, the length of the message, and other noncontent factors reminiscence bump - correct answer the empirical finding that people over 40 years old have enhanced memory for events from adolescence and early adulthood, compared to other periods of their lives
Overlearning - correct answer Learning to perform a task so well that it becomes automatic Big Five Personality Traits - correct answer openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism (OCEAN); Galton used a lexical approach to identify these, performing a factor analysis on all the personality words used in the dictionary Neuroticism (emotional stability) - correct answer calm or anxious, secure or insecure, self-satisfied or self-pitying; least stable trait over time and highly associated with psychopathology Agnosia - correct answer the inability to recognize familiar objects. apperceptive agnosia - correct answer a failure to understand the meaning of objects due to a deficit at the level of object perception (esp. during low light/shadowy conditions or when objects overlap) iconic memory - correct answer a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second declarative memory - correct answer memory of knowledge that can be called forth consciously as needed; includes semantic and episodic. Associated with the hippocampus, temporal lobe, and diencephalon. kinetic depth cues - correct answer Depth cues created by movement of the body or of objects in the environment.; babies as young as 3 weeks can perceive binocular depth cues - correct answer clues about distance based on the differing views of the two eyes; babies develop between 2 and 3 months pictorial depth cues - correct answer monocular depth cues found in paintings, drawings, and photographs that impart information about space, depth, and distance; babies develop at about 7 months Retroactive inhibition - correct answer New learning interferes with previous learning
proactive inhibition - correct answer previous learning interferes with more recent learning Inoculation in Persuasion - correct answer Exposing a person to a weak argument against one's current position; promotes resistance in persuasion; McGuire Right temporal lobe damage - correct answer Associated with impaired recall of nonverbal material; long term explicit left temporal lobe damage - correct answer Associated with impaired memory for verbal material; long term explicit Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - correct answer the idea that language structures thought and that ways of looking at the world are embedded in language levels of processing model - correct answer model of memory that assumes information that is more "deeply processed," or processed according to its meaning rather than just the sound or physical characteristics of the word or words, will be remembered more efficiently and for a longer period of time. Acoustic, phonetic, and semantic. self-referencing effect - correct answer the more we reference things to ourselves, the more we remember; e.g. "Have I done this before? Where was I?" Possibly most effective type of information processing. acoustic encoding - correct answer the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words phonetic encoding - correct answer emphasizes on what a word sounds like, shallow processing semantic encoding - correct answer the process of relating new information in a meaningful way to knowledge that is already stored in memory; deep level of processing self-perception theory - correct answer The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs
19% - correct answer In Loftus et al., __ of sexual abuse victims had repressed and recovered memories of the abuse; no factors distinguished between those participants and others discrepancy detection principle - correct answer Recollections are more likely to change if a person does not immediately detect discrepancies between misinformation and memory for the original event, so warnings about potential misinformation may inhibit its impairing effect; Loftus misinformation effect - correct answer incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event; greater susceptibility to this is associated with the passage of time, being misled immediately before events occur (rather than after), and age (younger children and older adults more susceptible); studied by Loftus emotionally-charged events - correct answer memory is enhanced for these suppressing emotion - correct answer this can impair memory serial position effect - correct answer our tendency to recall best the last (a recency effect) and first items (a primacy effect) in a list; after a delay of a few seconds, recency effect will be stronger, but after longer delays, the primacy effect will be stronger
