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UNIT 7 - EQUILIBRIUM Introduction: It represents the state of process in which the properties like temperature, pressure and concentration do not change with time. In all process which attain equilibrium, two opposing process are involved, Equilibrium is attained when the rates of the two opposing process become equal. Equilibrium can be established in both pitysical processes and chemical reactions. 7 EQUILIBRIUM IN PHYSICAL PROCESS: The different types of physical Equilibrium are briefly described below: (a) Solid — Liquid Equilibrium: Example: The equilibrium that exists between ice and water. In a closed system, at 0°C ‘ice and water attain equilibrium. Where rate of melting of ice is ‘equal to rate of freezing of water. The equilibrium is represented as:H,0,, =H,0 Ak 2qpilibvium, raks of malting = nok of uring (b) Liquid-Gas Equilibrium: Example: The equilibrium that exists between water and water vapour in a closed vessel. In a closed system, water and water vapour attain equilibrium, where rate of evaporation is equal to rate of condensation. The equilibrium is represented as:H,0 = H20,) Ak aqpiibriwm , Rats of xvapslati sna Wook = Rakref condameoti on waka vapor, (c)Solid — Vapour Equilibrium: Example: The equilibrium that exists between solid iodine and iodine vapour in a closed vessel. Where rate of sublimation of iodine is equal to rate of condensation of iodine vapours to solid iodine. The equilibrium is represented as:I25) =he 
