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The document consists of a report of equivalent resistance exercises that was carried out in the lab
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LAB 2: VOLTAGE AND CURRENT-DIVIDER RULE
Introduction The aim of the lab is to investigate the concepts of voltage and current division. Voltage and current division are an application of Kirchhoff’s Laws. A voltage divider and a current divider will be designed. In electronics or EET, a voltage divider (also known as a potential divider) is a linear circuit that produces an output voltage (Vout) that is a fraction of its input voltage (Vin). Voltage division refers to the partitioning of a voltage among the components of the divider. a current divider is a simple linear circuit that produces an output current (Iout) that is a fraction of its input current (Iin). Current division refers to the splitting of current between the branches of the divider. The currents in the various branches of such a circuit will always divide in such a way as to minimize the total energy expended. In this experiment the voltage and current division properties will be verified.
Figure 5.0 voltage divider rule Figure 5.1 current divider rule MATERIALS USED I. One dc voltage supply II. Two 0–15 V DC voltmeters III. Three 0–15 mA dc multimeters IV. Assorted resistors PROCEDURE Procedure was taken directly from lab hand out. RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS: Step 1:
I= 2.4mA Vab = 4.8V Vbg= 7.2V Question 5. a) Their sum is equivalent to the voltage of the source. i.e. V= Vab + Vbg b) R 2 has a greater voltage across it than R1. Therefore, the higher the resistance of a resistor the higher the voltage across it. c) Yes, it verifies the voltage divider rule. Which states that the total voltage applied across a series connection of multiple resistors is divided among the resistors in proportional to their resistance. [1] Step 2: calculation of equivalent resistance Req. = R 1 + R 2 = 3kΩ + 2kΩ = 5kΩ Question 5. a) the voltage across R 2 is just a fraction of the source voltage, V. i.e. Vbg = V - Vab b) resistance of R 2 is also a fraction of the equivalent resistance Req. i.e. R 2 = Req – R 1 c) Yes, it verifies the voltage divider rule. Which states that the total voltage applied across a series connection of multiple resistors is divided among the resistors in proportional to their resistance. [1] Step 3: calculation of current I =
Req I =
5 kΩ
Question 5. a) their sum gives the total current in the circuit. i.e. Iab = Ibd + Ibc b) R 2 has a greater current through it than R1. Therefore, the lesser the resistance of a resistor the higher the current flowing through it. c) Yes, it verifies the current divider rule. Which states that current divides in all the branches in a parallel circuit, and the voltage remains the same across them. [2] Step 6: calculation of equivalent resistance 1 R eq
R eq
3 k Ω
2 k Ω 1 R eq
R eq =¿ 1.2kΩ Question 5. a) current Ibd is the sum of current Iab and – Ibc. i.e. Ibd = Iab - Ibc b) resistance R^^2 is also just a fraction of the equivalent resistance just as current Ibd is a fraction of the overall current Iab. c) Yes, it verifies the current divider rule which states that the overall current is the sum of currents in every branch of that parallel circuit. [2] [1] Step 7: calculation of current Ibc I bc I ab
R eq R 1 I bc = R eq R 1 I ab I bc = 1.2 k Ω 3 k Ω 10 mA I bc = 4 mA question 5.
a) Calculated current I bc is the same as the measured current I bc Step 8: calculation of current Ibd I bd I ab
R eq R 2 I bd = R eq R 2 I ab I bd = 1.2 k Ω 2 k Ω 10 mA I bd = 6 mA Question 5. a) The calculated current I^ bd^ is the same as the measured current I^ bd^. DISCUSSION: Voltage division results; The voltage results convincingly seem to be in good agreement. The experiment results clearly indicate that the calculated and simulated results were found to be the same. It was proven that the voltage-divider rule which states that, in a series circuit, the ratio of voltage drops across resistances is the same as the ratio of the resistance values is in did true. Current division results; The calculated, simulated current results are also in convincing compliance. The calculated and simulated results gave out corresponding values. Therefore, the current-divider rule which states that, in a parallel circuit, the ratio of any two-branch currents is the same as the ratio of the two conductance’s of the branch resistances was in did proven.
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