errors and measurements : class 12, Summaries of Physics

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2025/2026

Available from 06/10/2026

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INTERNAL JAWS EXTERNAL JAWS LOCKING SCREW IMPERIAL SCALE DEPTH MEASURING BLADE rem 1mm ry l a) ik, §) *Smy 0 ii 5 10 Main scale (S) Mmavable. \ hen lath Jpus ove Closed | 2cm | Close Main scale (S) 2cm ; Zerg ok Ranier is boy 0 and Lmm oh main Scale TT | r— Ol mm = Main scale (S) 2 cm | = Main scale (S) 2cm | = Main scale (S) Least count of Vernier Caliper(LC) [Standavd ) Let N, vernier divisions are equal to N2 main scale division then 4 mod= Imm A, VSd = QL MSD lovSd = gmsa AVSA= Se msd SYS0 2 adel Lc = msd—vsd = Line — Sam = Olmm Question Find Least count is following 1. 20VSD = 19MSD and 1MSD = imm 2. 10VSD =9MSD and 1MSD = 0.5mm S$. BoVSA= 2amsd anc tmsd= 4° [Uc = MSD- VSD i) Ql £. tvsdi= 19 sd = Ise «Samm 2a Zo Le = SSS G=eGicsmm 2 fvsd= Smsd se FHL = O4smm = Te \o lc FGF = VWOLmn a ® Let zero of vernier scale is between n" and (n+1)"" division of main scale and m" division of vernier coincide with any main scale division then reading of vernier is Keay = n(msa)+m(LC) Glendard mad dem £6 Oinm ead QRram + #(1) = SST on 4 a = Shu | fas scale ( f— vernier Object scale @ R zes of men NY leading of vernier when both jaws are closed (when JAWS ioe los H, each ode nt Zero of veniera not Concide wit, eae Ss = othe Ak= oR-ZE calc. = Keon of vesticn hen ba jew ave closed n(msd)+™(L¢) Positive Zero Error 7 when both jaws are closed, zero of vernier scale is in right side of main scale zero and m' division of vernier coincide with any main scale division Z.€.= O(msd)* (Lc) O iT HULU mmr 0 5 10 = N(msd)+m(Lc) Negative Zero Error k ( ) when both jaws are closed, zero of vernier scale is in left side of main scale zero and m" division of vernier coincide with any main scale division Z-€. = -1(msa) Sratte | 1 Mm