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Ethernet Switching - Computer Network - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Networks

Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical UniversityComputer Networks

Ethernet Switching, Layer 2 Bridging, Layer 2 Switching, Switch Operation, Latency, Switch Modes, Spanning Tree Protocol, Shared Media Environments, Collision Domains and many other topics of Computer Network can be find in my documents.

Typology: Slides

2011/2012

Uploaded on 11/09/2012

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Ethernet Switching
Semester 1 – Module 8
Module Objectives:
Define bridging and switching
Define and describe the content-addressable memory (CAM) table
Define latency
Describe store-and-forward and cut-through packet switching modes
Explain Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)
Define collisions, broadcasts, collision domains, and broadcast domains
Identify the Layers 1, 2, and 3 devices used to create collision domains and
broadcast domains
Discuss data flow and problems with broadcasts
Explain network segmentation and list the devices used to create segments
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Ethernet Switching

Semester 1 – Module 8

Module Objectives:

 Define bridging and switching  Define and describe the content-addressable memory (CAM) table  Define latency  Describe store-and-forward and cut-through packet switching modes  Explain Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)  Define collisions, broadcasts, collision domains, and broadcast domains  Identify the Layers 1, 2, and 3 devices used to create collision domains and broadcast domains  Discuss data flow and problems with broadcasts  Explain network segmentation and list the devices used to create segmentsDocsity.com

Layer 2 Bridging

  • breaks a large segment into parts and separate it into isolated collision domains
  • decisions made are based on MAC or Layer 2 addresses
  • keeps a table of MAC addresses and the associated ports - Builds table based on Source Address - Unknown dest. Addresses are forwarded

Switch Operation

  • physical segments are called microsegments
  • ability to communicate in both directions at once (full duplex)
  • collision domain no longer exists
  • in theory, the bandwidth is doubled when full duplex is used
  • CAM allows a switch to find the port that is associated with a MAC address without search algorithms

Latency

  • the delay between the time a frame begins to leave the source device and when the first part of the frame reaches its destination
  • Causes of Latency:
    • speed that signals can travel through the physical media
    • electronics that process the signal along the path
    • decisions that software must make to implement switching and protocols
    • the content of the frame and the location of the frame switching decisions

Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP)

  • a standards-based routing protocol that is used to avoid routing loops, which can lead to broadcast storms
  • Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) used to elect a root bridge
  • use the spanning-tree algorithm (STA) to resolve and shut down the redundant paths

More on STP

  • Each port on a switch that uses STP exists in one of the following five states: - Blocking - Listening - Learning - Forwarding - Disabled
  • A port moves through these five states as follows:
    • From initialization to blocking
    • From blocking to listening or to disabled
    • From listening to learning or to disabled
    • From learning to forwarding or to disabled
    • From forwarding to disabled

Collision Domains

  • connected physical network segments where collisions can occur
  • Every time a collision happens on a network, all transmission stops for various periods of time determined by a backoff algorithm for each network device
  • Layer 2 and Layer 3 devices break up (create) collision domains

Collision Domains

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

  • Used to find unknown MAC addresses
  • Request is broadcast to locate the MAC address
  • ARP Table is maintained by all workstations

Broadcast Domains

  • a group of collision domains that are connected by Layer 2 devices
  • controlled at Layer 3 (router)
  • routers do not forward broad