NCLEX Ethical and Legal Issues: Q&A for Nursing Students | Quizzes Medicine

ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES NCLEX QUESTIONS

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1. The nurse hears a client calling out for help, hurries down the hallway to the client's room, and finds

the client lying on the floor. The nurse performs an assessment, assists the client back to bed, notifies

the health care provider of the incident, and completes an incident report. Which statement should the

nurse document on the incident report?

a. The client fell out of bed

b. The client climbed over the side rails

c. The client was found lying on the floor

d. The client became restless and tried to get out of bed. - ans1. C- The incident report should contain

the client's name, age, and diagnosis. The report should contain a factual description of the incident, any

injuries experienced by those involved, and the outcome of the situation. The correct option is the only

one that describes the facts as observed by the nurse. Options 1, 2, and 4 are interpretations of the

situation and are not factual information as observed by the nurse.

2. A client is brought to the emergency department by emergency medical services (EMS) after being hit

by a car. The name of the client is unknown, and the client has sustained a severe head injury and

multiple fractures and is unconscious. An emergency craniotomy is required. Regarding informed

consent for the surgical procedure, which is the best action?

a. Obtain a court order for the surgical procedure

b. Ask the EMS team to sign the informed consent

c. Transport the victim to the operating room for surgery

d. Call the police to identify the client and locate the family. - ans2. C- In general, there are two situations

in which informed consent of an adult client is not needed. One is when an emergency is present and

delaying treatment for the purpose of obtaining informed consent would result in injury or death to the

client. The second is when the client waives the right to give informed consent. Option 1 will delay

emergency treatment, and option 2 is inappropriate. Although option 4 may be pursued, it is not the

best action

3. The nurse has just assisted a client back to bed after a fall. The nurse and health care provider have

assessed the client and have determined that the client is not injured. After completing the incident

report, the nurse should implement which action net?

a. Reassess the client

b. Conduct a staff meeting to describe the fall

c. Document in the nurse's notes that an incident report was completed.

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The nurse hears a client calling out for help, hurries down the hallway to the client's room, and finds the client lying on the floor. The nurse performs an assessment, assists the client back to bed, notifies the health care provider of the incident, and completes an incident report. Which statement should the nurse document on the incident report? a. The client fell out of bed b. The client climbed over the side rails c. The client was found lying on the floor d. The client became restless and tried to get out of bed. - ans1. C- The incident report should contain the client's name, age, and diagnosis. The report should contain a factual description of the incident, any injuries experienced by those involved, and the outcome of the situation. The correct option is the only one that describes the facts as observed by the nurse. Options 1, 2, and 4 are interpretations of the situation and are not factual information as observed by the nurse.
A client is brought to the emergency department by emergency medical services (EMS) after being hit by a car. The name of the client is unknown, and the client has sustained a severe head injury and multiple fractures and is unconscious. An emergency craniotomy is required. Regarding informed consent for the surgical procedure, which is the best action? a. Obtain a court order for the surgical procedure b. Ask the EMS team to sign the informed consent c. Transport the victim to the operating room for surgery d. Call the police to identify the client and locate the family. - ans2. C- In general, there are two situations in which informed consent of an adult client is not needed. One is when an emergency is present and delaying treatment for the purpose of obtaining informed consent would result in injury or death to the client. The second is when the client waives the right to give informed consent. Option 1 will delay emergency treatment, and option 2 is inappropriate. Although option 4 may be pursued, it is not the best action
The nurse has just assisted a client back to bed after a fall. The nurse and health care provider have assessed the client and have determined that the client is not injured. After completing the incident report, the nurse should implement which action net? a. Reassess the client b. Conduct a staff meeting to describe the fall c. Document in the nurse's notes that an incident report was completed.

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d. Contact the nursing supervisor to update information regarding the fall - ans3. A- After a client's fall, the nurse must frequently reassess the client because potential complications do not always appear immediately after the fall. The client's fall should be treated as private information and shared on a "need to know" basis. Communication regarding the event should involve only the individuals participating in the client's care. An incident report is a problem-solving document; however, its completion is not documented in the nurse's notes. If the nursing supervisor has been made aware of the incident, the supervisor will contact the nurse if status update is necessary.

The nurse arrives at work and is told to report (float) to the intensive care unit (ICU) for the day because the ICU is understaffed and needs additional nurses to care for the clients. The nurse has never worked in the ICU. The nurse should take which action first? a. Call the hospital lawyer b. Refuse to float to the ICU c. Call the nursing supervisor d. Identify tasks that can be performed safely in the ICU - ans4. D- Floating is an acceptable legal practice used by hospitals to solve understaffing problems. Legally, the nurse cannot refuse to float unless a union contract guarantees that nurses can work only in a specified area or the nurse can prove the lack of knowledge for the performance of assigned tasks. When encountering this situation, the nurse should set priorities and identify potential areas of harm to the client. The nursing supervisor is called if the nurse is expected to perform tasks that he or she cannot safely perform. Calling the hospital lawyer is a premature action.
The nurse who works on the night shift enters the medication room and finds a co-worker with a tourniquet wrapped around the upper arm. The co-worker is about to insert a needle, attached to a syringe containing clear liquid, in the antecubital area. Which is the most appropriate action by the nurse? a. Call security b. Call the police c. Call the nursing supervisor d. Lock the co-worker in the medication room until help is obtain - ans5. C- Nurse practice acts require reporting impaired nurses. The board of nursing has jurisdiction over the practice of nursing and may develop plans for treatment and supervision of the impaired nurse. This incident needs to be reported to the nursing supervisor, who will then report to the board of nursing and other authorities, such as the police, as required. The nurse may call security if a disturbance occurs, but no information in the

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c. The client seemed angry when awakened for vital sign measurement d. The client appears to become anxious when it is time for respiratory treatments e. The client's left lower medial leg wound is 3 cm in length without redness, drainage, or edema - ans8. A, B, E- Factual documentation contains descriptive, objective information about what the nurse sees, hears, feels, or smells. The use of inferences without supporting factual data is not acceptable because it can be misunderstood. The use of vague terms, such as seemed or appears is not acceptable because these words suggest that the nurse is stating an opinion.

A nursing instructor delivers a lecture to nursing students regarding the issue of client's rights and asks a nursing student to identify a situation that represents an example of invasion of client privacy. Which situation, if identified by the student, indicates an understanding of a violation of this client right? a. Performing a procedure without consent b. Threatening to give a client a medication c. Telling the client that he or she cannot leave the hospital d. Observing care provided to the client without the client's permission - ans9. D- Invasion of privacy occurs with unreasonable intrusion into an individual's private affairs. Performing a procedure without consent is an example of battery. Threatening to a give a client a medication constitutes assault. Telling the client that the client cannot leave the hospital constitutes false imprisonment.
Nursing staff members are sitting in the lounge taking their morning break. An unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) tells the group that she thinks that the unit secretary has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and proceeds to tell the nursing staff that the secretary probably contracted the disease from her husband, who is supposedly a drug addict. Which legal tort has the UAP violated? a. Libel b. Slander c. Assault d. Negligence - ans10. B- Defamation is a false communication or a careless disregard for the truth that causes damage to someone's reputation, either in writing (Libel) or verbally (slander). An assault occurs when a person puts another person in fear of a harmful or an offensive contact. Negligence involves the actions of professionals that fall below standard of care for a specific professional group
An 87-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for treatment of a fractured arm. On assessment, the nurse notes old and new ecchymotic areas on the client's chest and legs and asks the

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client how the bruises were sustained. The client, although reluctant, tells the nurse in confidence that her son frequently hits her if supper is not prepared on time when he arrives home from work. What is the most appropriate nursing response? a. "Oh really I will discuss this situation with your son" b. "Let's talk about the ways you can manage your time to prevent this from happening" c. "Do you have any friends that can help you out until you resolve these important issues with your son?" d. "As a nurse, I am legally bound to report abuse. I will stay with you while you give the report and help find a safe place for you to stay. - ans11. D- The nurse must report situations related to child or elder abuse, gunshot wounds and other criminal acts, and certain infectious diseases. Confidential issues are not to be discussed with nonmedical personnel or the client's family or friends without the client's permission. Clients should be assured under a legal obligation. Option 1, 2, and 3 do not address the legal implications of the situation and do not ensure a safe environment for the client.

The nurse calls the health care provider (HCP) regarding a new medication prescription because the dosage prescribed is higher than the recommended dosage. The nurse is unable to locate the HCP, and the medication is due to administered. Which action should the nurse take? a. Contact the nursing supervisor b. Administer the dose prescribed c. Hold the medication until the HCP can be contacted d. Administer the recommended dose until the HCP can be located - ans12. A- If the HCP writes a prescription that requires clarification, the nurse's responsibility is to contact the HCP. If there is no resolution regarding the prescription because the HCP cannot be located or because the prescription remains as it was written after talking with the HCP, the nurse should contact the nurse manager or nursing supervisor for further clarification as to what the next step should be. Under no circumstances should the nurse proceed to carry out the prescription until obtaining clarification.
The nurse employed in a hospital is waiting to receive a report from the laboratory via the facsimile (fax) machine. The fax machine activates and the nurse expects the report, but instead receives a sexually oriented photograph. Which is the most appropriate nursing action? a. Call the police b. Cut up the photograph and throw it away c. Call the nursing supervisor and report the incident

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AND ANSWERS LATEST 2024 VERSION VERIFIED

RATIONALE GRADED A+

AND ANSWERS LATEST 2024 VERSION VERIFIED

RATIONALE GRADED A+

AND ANSWERS LATEST 2024 VERSION VERIFIED

RATIONALE GRADED A+

AND ANSWERS LATEST 2024 VERSION VERIFIED

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