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A comprehensive overview of eukaryotic cell structure and function. It covers the key components of eukaryotic cells, including the nucleus, organelles, cytoskeleton, and cytoplasm. The document also discusses the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the role of various cellular structures, and the importance of model organisms in cell biology research. Additionally, it delves into the macromolecules that make up the building blocks of cells, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. The chemical properties and functions of these biomolecules, as well as the processes of hydrolysis and condensation. Overall, this document serves as a valuable resource for understanding the fundamental aspects of eukaryotic cell biology and its applications in various fields of study.
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What size is larger? 100um or 1nm - correct answer 100um What size is larger? 10mm or 0.001m - correct answer 10mm What size is larger? 10nm or 0.1um - correct answer 0.1 um Put in order from largest to smallest. bacterial cell ribosome nucleus o eukaryotic cell - correct answer eukaryotic cell bacterial cell nucleus ribosome
Components of a eukayote. - correct answer have organelles, membrane bound nucleus, 24hrs. to divid, epitheal cells, multicellular, 185 rRNA,unicellular, larger, and about 5-50um components of a prokaryote - correct answer no membrane bound nucleus, 20 min. to divid, unicellular, cell wall, 165 rRNA, binary fission, smaller, about 0.2- 2 um. shared components of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. - correct answer DNA, RNA, protein, ribosomes, membrane A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in a hour. Most eukaryotic cells cannot divide this quickly. Which of the statements best explains this difference? a. eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells b. eukaryotic cells have less DNA than prokaryotic cells c. prokaryotic organisms are typically multicellular while eukaryotic organism are unicellular. d. eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells - correct answer d
T/F: mitochondria are not found in plants - correct answer F T/F: DNA can only be found in the nucleus - correct answer F: DNA is in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells T/F: muscle cells ar elikely to have an increased concentration of mitchondria. - correct answer T T/F: bacterial DNA is found in the cytoplasm - correct answer T T/F: the double membrane found in cholorplasts and mitochondria are thought to be formed by an exosymbiont theory. - correct answer T T/F: mujscle cells are likely to have a very smooth endoplasmic reticulum - correct answer F: liver cells T/F: cell recieve nutrients by exocytosis - correct answer F: endocytosis
What are some model species? - correct answer escherichia coli (bacteria), saccharomyces cerevisiae, arabidopsis thaliana (plant), drosphila melanogaster (fly), caenorhabditis elegans, zebrafish, mus musculus (mouse). what are the components of the nucleus? - correct answer holds dna in the form of chromosmes, molecules of dna- long polymers that encodes the genetic information what are the components of the mitochondria? - correct answer makes ATP, tri-carboxyl cycle what re the components of the chloroplasts? - correct answer captures energy from sunlikght, converts it to ATP, photosynthesis, CO2 to glucose what are the components of the cytosol? - correct answer liquid of the cell, pH of 7.4, where most proteins are made by ribosomes definition of cell: - correct answer small, membrane- enclosed units filled eith a concentrated aqueous solution of chemicals and enduced with the ability to create copies of themeselves by grounding and dividing.
evolution of mitochondria and cholorplast - correct answer mitochondria evolved from aerobic bacteria that were engulfed by an archaea-derived, early anaeorbic eukaryotic cell and survived inside it Why e.coli and important model orgaism - correct answer useful to study genetics Why is Arabidopsis Thaliana a model organism? - correct answer it is a plant that is a model for other plants why are fies and zebrafish used as model organisms? - correct answer to study genetics and development what are human cells used for? - correct answer fibroblasts, neurons, epithelial cells, embroynic heart muscle cells Definition of genome - correct answer The whole of the genetic information of an organism
why are genomes useful to compare species? - correct answer to see genes from different organisms have very similar nucleotide sequences and they might descend from a common ancestral gene to loo for homologies to look for where everything started what can be found in the genome - correct answer ancestral history, DNA, gene activity which subatomic particles determine the atomic #? - correct answer protons calculate the molecular weight of sodium chloride - correct answer Na: Cl: 35 =58 daltons you need to make a 0.5 M solution of NaCl in 100 mL. Calculate how muh NaCl (in grams) needs to be dissolved in 100 ml. - correct answer 0.5M= 0.5M/1L x 58g/1 mole x 0.1 liters= 2.9 g NaCl
T/F: acidic solutions are considered to be alkaline - correct answer F: pH below 7 components of the marcomolecule: carbohydrates - correct answer monomer: momosaccharide polymer: polysaccharide linkage: glyosidic bond components of the marcomolecule: lipids - correct answer monomer: fatty acid polhymer: tricylgycerol phospholipid linkage: ester bond components of the marcomolecule: proteins - correct answer monomer: amino acid polymer: polypeptide linakge: peptide bond
components of the marcomolecule: nucleic acids - correct answer monomer: nucleotide polymer: DNA or RNA linkage: phospodiester bond the addition of H20 is - correct answer hydrolysis the substration of water is - correct answer condenstation what does the following compounds fall under: SOAP C-carbohydrates P-protein L- lipids N- nucleci acids - correct answer L what does the following compounds fall under: adenine C-carbohydrates P-protein L- lipids
what does the following compounds fall under: GTP C-carbohydrates P-protein L- lipids N- nucleci acids - correct answer N what does the following compounds fall under: phophatidylcholine C-carbohydrates P-protein L- lipids N- nucleci acids - correct answer L what does the following compounds fall under: fatty acid C-carbohydrates P-protein L- lipids N- nucleci acids - correct answer L
what does the following compounds fall under: ribose C-carbohydrates P-protein L- lipids N- nucleci acids - correct answer N what does the following compounds fall under: serine C-carbohydrates P-protein L- lipids N- nucleci acids - correct answer N what does the following compounds fall under: glycogen C-carbohydrates P-protein L- lipids N- nucleci acids - correct answer C
what are the names of the two different nitrogenous bases? how do you differentiate between them? - correct answer purines- larger pyrimidines- smaller what kind of bond holds two DNA strands together? - correct answer Hydrogen what type of bond links nucleotides in the same strand? - correct answer covalent bonds What are the 3 differences between DNA nucleotides and RNA nucleotides? - correct answer 1. different sugars ribose vs. deoxyribose
what is atomic weight? - correct answer the atomic weight of an element reflects the number of grams per mole (g/mol) of the element. the atomic weight is usually derived from a weighted average of the naturally occurring isotopes of the element what is molecular weight? - correct answer the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule What is Avogadro's number? - correct answer 6.02 x 10^ what is a mole? - correct answer the relative formula mass of a substance in grams what are electron shells? - correct answer an energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom why are valence electron shells important? - correct answer the fewer valence electrons the less stable the atom becomes
what are bases? - correct answer proton acceptors What is the pH scale? - correct answer a measure of how many free H+ ions there are in a solution what are buffers - correct answer weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH What are organic molecules? - correct answer molecules that contain carbon What are inorganic molecules? - correct answer non-carbon based molecules what are the four major families of small molecules? - correct answer sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides What are polymers? - correct answer long chains of monomers What are monomers? - correct answer a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
What is a fatty acid? - correct answer carboxylic acid consists of hydrocarbon chain and terminal carboxyl groups What is a triacylglycerol? - correct answer a lipid made with three fatty acids and glycerol What is a phospholipid? - correct answer It is a lipid that has a phosphate group attached to the glycerol and only two fatty acid chains. what is the structure of a protein - correct answer made of amino acids ( different ones), held together by peptide bonds making polypeptide chains What is the C-terminus? - correct answer carboxyl end what is the n-terminus? - correct answer amino group end What is a nucleotide composed of? - correct answer nitrogenous base, five carbon sugar, phosphate group
