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Endocrine and Renal Systems Exam Practice Questions, Exams of Community Health

Liberty University (LU)Community Health

Practice questions and answers related to the endocrine and renal systems, designed to help students prepare for exams. It covers topics such as cushings syndrome, addison's disease, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, diabetes insipidus, graves' disease, pheochromocytoma, adrenalectomy, acromegaly, siadh, hyperparathyroidism, somogyi effect, thyroidectomy, peritoneal dialysis, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, and transurethral resection of the prostate (turp). Each question includes a rationale for the correct answer, offering valuable insights for understanding the underlying concepts. This resource is suitable for nursing students and healthcare professionals seeking to reinforce their knowledge and test their comprehension of these critical systems.

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 10/30/2025

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Exam 1 ATI Practice
Endocrine
1. A nurse is planning care for a client who has Cushing’s syndrome due to chronic corticosteroid use. Which of the
following actions should the nurse involve in the plan of care?
a. Check the client’s urine specific gravity.
i. Rationale: to assess for fluid volume overload.
2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has Addison's disease about healthy snack foods. Which of the
following food choices by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
a. Turkey and cheese sandwich
i. Rationale: high in protein, carbohydrates, and sodium. A client who has Addison’s requires
a diet low in potassium, and high in protein, carbs, and sodium.
3. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. The nurse should understand
that which of the following laboratory values is consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis?
a. Bicarbonate level 12 mEq/L
i. Rationale: DKA patients have bicarbonate levels less than 15
4. A nurse is caring for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and is displaying manifestations of
hyperglycemia. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client has hyperglycemia?
a. Increased urination
i. Rationale: increased urination/polyuria, is a manifestation of hyperglycemia due to a
deficiency of insulin, which can lead to osmotic diuresis.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who has Addison's disease. Which of the following skin manifestations should
the nurse expect to find?
a. Bronze pigmentation of skin
i. Rationale: hormone deficiency caused by damage to the outer layer of theadrenal gland.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insidious. For which of the following findings should the
nurse monitor?
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Exam 1 ATI Practice

Endocrine

  1. A nurse is planning care for a client who has Cushing’s syndrome due to chronic corticosteroid use. Which of the following actions should the nurse involve in the plan ofcare? a. Check the client’s urine specific gravity. i. Rationale: to assess for fluid volume overload.
  2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has Addison's disease about healthy snack foods. Which of the following food choices by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. Turkey and cheese sandwich i. Rationale: high in protein, carbohydrates, and sodium. A client who has Addison’s requires a diet low in potassium, and high in protein,carbs, and sodium.
  3. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. The nurse should understand that which of the following laboratory values is consistent withdiabetic ketoacidosis? a. Bicarbonate level 12 mEq/L i. Rationale: DKA patients have bicarbonate levels less than 15
  4. A nurse is caring for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and is displaying manifestations of hyperglycemia. Which of the following findings should indicate to thenurse that the client has hyperglycemia? a. Increased urination i. Rationale: increased urination/polyuria, is a manifestation of hyperglycemia due to a deficiency of insulin, which can lead toosmotic diuresis.
  5. A nurse is assessing a client who has Addison's disease. Which of the following skin manifestations should the nurse expect to find? a. Bronze pigmentation of skin i. Rationale: hormone deficiency caused by damage to the outer layer oftheadrenal gland.
  6. A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insidious. For which of the following findings should the nurse monitor?

a. Polyuria i. Rationale: DI is characterized by increased thirst and increasedurination.

  1. A nurse is monitoring a client who has Graves' disease for the development of thyroid storm. the nurse should report which of the following findings to the provider? a. Hypertension i. Rationale: Thyroid storm patients will have an exaggerated condition ofhyperthyroidism, associated with the development of afever,

a. "My cells are resistant to effects of insulin." i. Rationale: the client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus will have a resistance to insulin and a decrease in the secretion of insulin by thepancreatic beta cells.

  1. A nurse is planning a community health screening for a group of clients who are at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following clients should the nurse include inthe screening? a. Men and women who are obese i. Rationale: There is a high correlation between obesity and type 2 DM.
  2. A nurse is monitoring a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic secretion (SIADH). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a. Hyponatremia i. Rationale: the client who has SIADH will have hyponatremia

caused bythe excessive release of ADH. As a result of the excessive secretion the client retains water.

  1. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about exercise.

Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? a. "Wear a medical alert identification tag when you exercise." i. Rationale: a client should wear a medical alert ID tag in the event of hypoglycemic response, because exercise can potentiate the effects ofinsulin and cause the blood glucose levels to decrease.

  1. A nurse caring for a client who is postoperative following a parathyroidectomy to treat hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse expect to decrease as a therapeutic effect of the procedure? a. Calcium i. Rationale: parathyroid hormone regulates calcium, phosphorous, magnesium balance in the blood and bone.
  2. A nurse is checking laboratory values to determine if a client who has diabetes is adhering to the treatment plan. Which of the following tests should the nurse use to makethis determination? a. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c)
  3. A nurse is planning care for a client who is experiencing the Somogyi effect and takes intermittent-acting insulin. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in theplan? a. Monitor the client's nighttime blood glucose levels i. Rationale: the Somogyi effect is a swing of high blood glucose levels inthe morning after an extremely low blood glucose level during the night.The swing is caused by a release of stress hormones to counterlow glucose levels.
  4. A nurse is caring for a client who had a thyroidectomy to treat hyperthyroidism caused by an adenoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? (select all that apply) a. Tachycardia and hypertension b. Laryngeal stridor and hoarseness c. A positive Trousseau's sign
  1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. Limit fluid intake i. Rationale: a client who has CKD should limit fluid intake to prevent hypervolemia, or excessive fluid overload.
  2. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse notes that dialysate output is less than input, and the client's abdomen is distended. Which of thefollowing actions should the nurse take? a. Change the client's position i. Rationale: the client is retaining the dialysate solution after the dwell time. The nurse should ensure the clamp is open and the tubing is not kinked and reposition the client to facilitate the drainage of the solution from the peritoneal cavity.
  3. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about urinary tract infections (UTIs) with a client. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include? a. Back pain i. Rationale: back pain and flank pain are manifestations of a UTI. Othermanifestations include frequency, urgency, and cloudy, foul-smelling urine.
  4. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? a. "You should complete the entire cycle of antibiotic therapy." i. Rationale: the client should take the full prescription of the antibiotic therapy to decrease the chance of regrowth of the causative organism. They should drink at least 2,000 mL of fluid per day.
  5. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a history of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following statements should indicate to the nurse the need for additional instructions? a. "I will vaginal douche daily." i. Rationale: the client should avoid vaginal douches, bubble baths, and anysubstances that can increase the risk of UTIs. Client should use mild soap and water to wash the peritoneal area.
  1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who is preoperative prior to a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Which of the following statements indicates as an understanding of the information? a. "I will feel the urge to urinate following this procedure." i. Rationale: after a TURP, the client will feel the urge to urinate. The nurseshould reassure him that he will receive analgesics to help relieve his discomfort.
  2. A nurse is collecting data from a client who is postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). After the nurse discontinues the client's urinary catheter, which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? a. Decreased urinary output i. Rationale: a decrease in urine output after TURP indicates

diarrhea, a dull headache, palpitations, and muscle tingling and weakness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. Check the client's electrolyte values i. Rationale: the nurse should check the client’s most recent potassium value, because these findings are manifestations of hyperkalemia, which can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias, therefore, this isa priority action.

  1. A nurse is collecting data from a client who has an injury to the lower abdomen following a motor-vehicle crash. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is amanifestation of bladder trauma? a. Hematuria

i. Rationale: manifestations of bladder trauma include hematuria, or bloodin the urine; blood at the urinary meatus; pelvic pain; and anuria, or the absence of urine.

  1. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client who has late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following nutrients should the nurse instruct the client toincrease in her diet? a. Calcium i. Rationale: a client who has CKD can develop hypocalcemia due to thereduced production of active vitamin D, which is needed for calcium reabsorption. The client should supplement dietary calcium.
  2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the prostate-specific antigen

(PSA) test with a client. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. "You should not ejaculate for 24 hours after the PSA test." i. Rationale: PSA is a glycoprotein that it manufactured in the prostate andis used to screen for prostate cancer. Ejaculation within 24 hours prior to the test can cause falsely elevated levels of PSA.

  1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client prior to a cystoscopy. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? a. "Expect to have pink-tinged urine after this procedure." i. Rationale: a cystoscopy is a procedure in which a scope is inserted intothe urethra to diagnose or treat bladder problems. Pink-tingedurine following the procedure is expected.
  2. A nurse is collecting data from a client who is postoperative following a extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is the priority? a. Report of palpitations/dysrhythmias i. Rationale: ABCs
  3. A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to theprovider? a. Potassium 3.0 mEq/L i. Rationale: a potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L is below the expected reference and can