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Main Parts of a Computer
Input, Memory, Arithmetic and logic unit, output, and control
unit
TERM 2
Program
DEFINITION 2
a list of instructions that perform a task
TERM 3
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)
DEFINITION 3
decimal digit is encoded by four bits
TERM 4
Primary Storage
DEFINITION 4
fast memory that operates at electronic speeds
TERM 5
Word
Length
DEFINITION 5
Bits in each word
Registers
High Speed storage element
TERM 7
Instruction Register (IR)
DEFINITION 7
holds the instruction that is currently being executed
TERM 8
Program Counter (PC)
DEFINITION 8
Keeps track of the execution of a program.
TERM 9
Memory Address Register (MAR)
DEFINITION 9
Holds the address of the location to be accessed
TERM 10
Memory Data Register (MDR)
DEFINITION 10
Contains the data to be written into or read out of the
addressed location
Clock Rate
R=1/(Clock)
TERM 17
Pipelining
DEFINITION 17
Overlapping the execution of successive instructions
TERM 18
Sign and Magnitude
DEFINITION 18
Negative values are represented by a 1 in the MSB.
TERM 19
1's Compliment
DEFINITION 19
Negative numbers are represented by inverting all the bits.
TERM 20
2's Compliment
DEFINITION 20
Adding one to the 1's Compliment version of the binary
number
Cells
A unit able to store a bit of information
TERM 22
Byte
DEFINITION 22
8 bits
TERM 23
Big Endian Format
DEFINITION 23
lower byte addresses are used for the more significant bytes
TERM 24
Little Endian Format
DEFINITION 24
Lower byte addresses are used for the less significant bytes
TERM 25
Register Mode
DEFINITION 25
The operand is the contents of a processor register; the name
of the register is given in the instruction
Index Mode
The EA of the operand is generated by adding a constant
value to the contents of the register.
TERM 32
Relative Mode
DEFINITION 32
The EA is determined by the Index mode using the program
counter in place of the general purpose register
TERM 33
Autoincrement Mode
DEFINITION 33
The EA of the operand is the contents of a register specified
in the instruction. After accessing the operand, the contents
of this register are automatically incremented to point to the
next item in a list.
TERM 34
Autodecrement
DEFINITION 34
The contents of a register specified in the instruction are first
automatically decrements and are then used as the EA of the
operand.
TERM 35
Source Program
DEFINITION 35
user program in it's original alphanumberic text format.
Object Program
assembled machine language program
TERM 37
Stack
DEFINITION 37
list of data elements
TERM 38
Push/Pop
DEFINITION 38
Adding/removing an item on a stack
TERM 39
Stack Pointer (SP)
DEFINITION 39
keeps track of the address of the element of the stack this is
at the top at any given time.
TERM 40
Queue
DEFINITION 40
Similar to stack, stored in a First in First Out Basis
Machine Instructions
Instructions encoded in a compact binary pattern
TERM 47
OP Code
DEFINITION 47
The type of operation that is to be performed and the type of
operands used may be specified using an encoded binary
pattern called the OP code.
TERM 48
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
DEFINITION 48
using multiple words to encode complex instructions
TERM 49
RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
DEFINITION 49
Restricts size of an instruction to one 32-bit word.
TERM 50
Code Segment
DEFINITION 50
holds the instructions of a program
Stack Segment
contains the processor stack
TERM 52
Data Segments
DEFINITION 52
holds data operands
TERM 53
Ri and Rj
DEFINITION 53
Base and Index registers
TERM 54
Immediate Mode
DEFINITION 54
The operand is contained in the instruction.
TERM 55
Direct Mode
DEFINITION 55
The memory address of the operand is given by a 32-bit
value in the instruction
Base with Index and Displacement Mode
A signed displacement, two of the general purpose registers,
and a scale factor of 1,2,4 or 8 are specified. The registers
are used as a base and index registers and the EA is
calculated as follows: the contents of the index register are
multiplied by the scale factor and then added to the contents
of the base register and the displacement.
