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d) Dehydration synthesis
The process of linking monomers is called:a) Catabolismb) Water Formationc) Monomerizationd) Dehydration Synthesis TERM 2
a: A polymer is a chain of monomer
DEFINITION 2 Which statement is true of polymers?a) They are always made of monomersb) They are often made by a hydrolysis processc) They are always made by condensation reactionsd) Their synthesis usually requires watere) None of the above. TERM 3
c: DNA is a nucleic acid, a polymer made of
nucleotide monomers.
DEFINITION 3 The organic molecule of DNA is an example of...a) A polymer made of amino acids.b) A monomerc) A polymer made of nucleotidesd) A proteine) A polymer made of nucleotides TERM 4
d: RNA is a nucleic acid
DEFINITION 4 Which of these is not a lipid?a) Phospholipid b) Steroidsc) waxd) RNAe) Cholesterol TERM 5
Saturated Fat. The fatty acid tail lacks double
bonds.
DEFINITION 5 This is a:
Phospholipids are composed of a phosphate
group, a glycerol, and fatty acids.
What are phospholipids composed of? TERM 7
A: Olive oil is a plant oil, and most plant oils
are rich in unsaturated fats.
DEFINITION 7 Which of these is rich in unsaturated fat?a) Olive Oilb) A fat that is solid at room temperaturec) Butterd) Beef Fate) Lard TERM 8
d: cholesterol is an important component of
animal cells membrane.
DEFINITION 8 A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role ______a) As the primary female sex hormoneb) In calcium and phosphate metabolismc) All of thecholesterol's effects cause the body harmd) As a component of animal cells membranese) The most abundant male sex hormone TERM 9
e: Animals store energy in the form of
glycogen.
DEFINITION 9 Glycogen is _____a) The form in which plants store sugarsb) A transport protein that carries oxygenc) A polysacchiride found in plant cell wallsd) A source of saturated fat.e) A polysacchiride found in animals TERM 10
C: Maltose is the disaccharide formed when
two glucose molecules are linked by
dehydration synthesis.
DEFINITION 10 glucose + glucose --> ___ by ___a) Lactose + water...hydrolysisb) Starch + water... dehydration synthesisc) Maltose + water... dehydration synthesisd) cellulose + water... hydrolysise) sucrose + water... dehydration synthesis
b: Information is stored in the sequence of
nitrogenous bases along the DNA polymer.
Which statement helps to explain how DNA stores hereditary information?a) DNA binds a master copy of each kind of protein. b) DNA contains four kinds of nitrogenous bases. c) DNA contains 20 kinds of amino acids. d) DNA is made from thousands of kinds of monomers. e) DNA is a self-replicating type of protein. TERM 17
a: RNA uses ribose; DNA uses deoxyribose.
The polymer names reflect this difference:
DEFINITION 17 DNA and mRNA differ with respect to ...a)the kind of sugar they contain. b) the kinds of purines they contain. c) how many kinds of nucleotides are used to make the polymer. d) Both (a) and (b). e) the ability to make a double helix. TERM 18
d: All RNA is made by copying segments of
DNA
DEFINITION 18 Which statement is true of nucleic acids?a) rRNA positions amino acids along mRNA.b) mRNA binds amino acids together to make proteinsc) mRNA is part of the ribosomed) DNA carries information for making RNAe) Both b and d TERM 19
e: The information in DNA tells how to make
every nucleic acid and protein that the cell's
parent could make
DEFINITION 19 The information in DNA can tell a cell how to make...a) Proteinsb) DNAc) tRNAd) both a and ce) a, b, and c TERM 20
c: Proteins are polymers of amino acids
DEFINITION 20 Proteins are polymers of ____a) Hydrocarbonsb) CH2O Unitsc) Amino Acidsd) Nucleotidese) Glycerol
e: The amino acids of proteins are linked by
peptide bonds
What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?a) S -- Sb) Ionicc) Hydrogend) Hydrophobice) Peptide TERM 22
b) The overall shape of the protein
DEFINITION 22 Tertiary structure is best described as _____a) The order of monomers in the polymerb) The overall shape of the proteinc) The size of the proteind) Alpha helicese) Beta sheets TERM 23
e: Proteins have all the listed functions and
many more
DEFINITION 23 Which biological activity does not directly involve proteins?a) Breaking food polymers into smaller moleculesb) Changing the shape of a cellc) Sensing lightd) Defending cells against virusese) None of the above; proteins are involved in all of them TERM 24
e: The mitotic phase encompasses both
mitosis cytokinesis.
DEFINITION 24 During ____ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided.a) S Phaseb) G1 Phasec) G2 Phased) Mitosise) Mitotic phase TERM 25
b) Interphase
DEFINITION 25 During _____ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.a) G1 Phaseb) Interphasec) S Phased) Mitosise) Cytokineses
d: Before mitosis can begin, the
chromosomes, or genetic material, must be
copied, which occurs during interphase.
What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis? 'a) A mitopic spindle must formb) The nuclear envelope must break upc) The sister chromatids must be separatedd) The nucleus must divide in twoe) The chromosomes must be duplicated TERM 32
a: Prophase is the first phase of mitosis, when
the centrosomes begin moving toward
opposite poles.
DEFINITION 32 The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?a) Prophaseb) Telophasec) Anaphased) Metaphasee) Interphase TERM 33
e: Metaphase occurs in the middle of mitosis,
when the chromosomes line up in the middle
of the cell.
DEFINITION 33 The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?a) Telophaseb) Interphasec) Prophased) Anaphasee) Metaphase TERM 34
b: Sister chromatids separate and start their
migration toward opposite poles during
anaphase.
DEFINITION 34 The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?a) Interphaseb) Anaphasec) Telophased) Prophasee) Metaphase TERM 35
a: Telophase is the final phase of mitosis,
when the chromosomes have arrived at the
poles.
DEFINITION 35 The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?a) Telophaseb) Metaphasec) Interphased) Prophasee) Anaphase
a: Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm
that occurs in conjunction with telophase, the
last phase in mitosis.
At the end of the mitotic (m) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called.a) Cytokinesisb) Condensationc) replicationd) Meiosise) Telophase TERM 37
b: Mitosis does take place during M phase,
but m phase is shorter than interphase.
DEFINITION 37 True or false. Mitosis takes place during M phase of the cell cycle, which is longer than interphase.a) Trueb) False TERM 38
a: Since each chromosome (12 since it is 6
pairs) is replicated. There are 24 DNA
molecules in the nucleus during G2.
DEFINITION 38 A certain species of animal has six pairs of chromosomes. How many DNA molecules are present in the nuclei of these animals during G2 phase?a) 24b) 6c) 12d) 48 TERM 39
b: Chromosome replication does not occur
until after G1; this checkpoint is a G
checkpoint.
DEFINITION 39 Which of the following checkpoints does no occur late in G1? a) A check that growth factors are presentb) A check that chromosome replication has been successfully completedc) A check that the cell is large enough for divisiond) A check that nutrients are sufficient TERM 40
b and c
DEFINITION 40 Select all the statements that accurately describe stem cells.a) Stem cells have tissue-specific structures that let them carry out specialized functionsb) Stem cells can differentiate into cells with specialized properties of a specific tissue.c) Stem cells are capable of dividing many times to produce millions of copies of themselves.
