Example debate sheet | Essays (high school) English

M9: THS the use of genetic modification in agriculture to enhance crop yields and food security.

Refutation part

And this opinion clash already denotes that the issue of genetically modified organisms

(GMOs) as they relate to the food supply is an ongoing, nuanced and highly contentious

issue.

Within the advance of genetically modified crops in 1990, such genetically altered products

like plum, pineapple, apple, papaya, soy beans and rice end up on our tables everyday

Individuals from the scientific and medical fields that intend to provide upgrowing

population with food resources are trying to impose the notion that genetically modified

crops could solve issues concerning hunger, environmental sustainability and an increasing

global population.

Nevertheless, this house firmly believes that the utilization of genetic modification in

agriculture to enhance crop yields and food security as well as related use of GMO products

for our meals will do more harm than good. In agrarian countries the GMOs are death traps

for nature and suicide traps for the users, particularly the consumers.

My colleague Ilona is going to stress that consumption of GMO products may have adverse

implications on humal health including the possibility of exposure to new allergens in

genetically modified foods, as well as the transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes to gut flora.

And the argumnent that I am going to develop against genetic alterations of seed cultures

would be that horizontal gene transfer of pesticide, herbicide, or) antibiotic resistance) to

agricultural plants would cause ecological imbalances, allowing previously innocuous

plants to grow uncontrolled, ending in biodiversity loss caused by so called genetic

pollution. The latter is undesirable gene flow into wild populations from genetically

engineered organisms that have already begun to wreak environmental havoc. The scientist

Neelam Saba and Waheid Khawar Balwan from the Department of Zoology in Kashmir,

India in their common article „Genetic pollution; A Safe or Risky Bet“ published in

Scholars Academic Journals of Bioscience in 2023 highlight that wind, rain, birds, bees, and

insect pollinators have begun carrying genetically-altered pollen into adjoining natural

habitats, polluting the DNA of)wild type plant species.

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M9: THS the use of genetic modification in agriculture to enhance crop yields and food security. Refutation part And this opinion clash already denotes that the issue of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as they relate to the food supply is an ongoing, nuanced and highly contentious issue. Within the advance of genetically modified crops in 1990, such genetically altered products like plum, pineapple, apple, papaya, soy beans and rice end up on our tables everyday Individuals from the scientific and medical fields that intend to provide upgrowing population with food resources are trying to impose the notion that genetically modified crops could solve issues concerning hunger, environmental sustainability and an increasing global population. Nevertheless, this house firmly believes that the utilization of genetic modification in agriculture to enhance crop yields and food security as well as related use of GMO products for our meals will do more harm than good. In agrarian countries the GMOs are death traps for nature and suicide traps for the users, particularly the consumers. My colleague Ilona is going to stress that consumption of GMO products may have adverse implications on humal health including the possibility of exposure to new allergens in genetically modified foods, as well as the transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes to gut flora. And the argumnent that I am going to develop against genetic alterations of seed cultures would be that horizontal gene transfer of pesticide, herbicide, or antibiotic resistance to agricultural plants would cause ecological imbalances, allowing previously innocuous plants to grow uncontrolled, ending in biodiversity loss caused by so called genetic pollution. The latter is undesirable gene flow into wild populations from genetically engineered organisms that have already begun to wreak environmental havoc. The scientist Neelam Saba and Waheid Khawar Balwan from the Department of Zoology in Kashmir, India in their common article „Genetic pollution; A Safe or Risky Bet“ published in Scholars Academic Journals of Bioscience in 2023 highlight that wind, rain, birds, bees, and insect pollinators have begun carrying genetically-altered pollen into adjoining natural habitats, polluting the DNA of wild type plant species.

Once released, it is virtually impossible to recall genetically engineered organisms back to the laboratory or the field so that pollen transmission of herbicide tolerance genes could result in super-weeds that might rapidly invade natural ecosystems and outrival local plant and even animal spieces undermining the stability of natural rythm. And the history of adapting genetic engineering to increase the volume of harversts is full of unsuccesfull attempts that had ominous implications on the biodiversity. One of the most notorious examples involves genetically modified canola, commonly known as rapeseed, in Canada, Korea, USA. Roundup Ready canola was genetically engineered to be resistant to the herbicide glyphosate and increase production of oil. Some of these GM canola plants have crossbred with wild or non-GM canola plants, leading to the spread of herbicide-resistant traits in the wild populations. And Korean scientist Soo-In-Sohn from the Department of Agricultural Biotechnology in his review of the unintentional release of feral genetically modified rapeseed into the environment published in 2021 outlines that the spread of GM rapeseed in non-GM fields and road verges, possible due to force de majore in unluading sites and transport and agronomic practices, triggers canola becoming a weed. And affected roadside ecosystems suffer since this rampant outgrowth of weed plant that is resitant to herbicides leads to changes in genuine plant composition and cascading effects on herbivores and pollinators, including bees and butterflies. On the top of that, it is worth stressing that use of trasngenic organisms in agriculture can damage not only natural habitats but also artificial agricultural ecosystems and negatively affect yelding too. If farmers grow herbicide resistant plants the lust for using pesticides increases so that to combat pest. Unfortunately, applications of such pesticides like glyphospahte ends up in the loss of biodiversity of pioneering spieces that can increase the volume of harverst naturally. For example, exposure to sublethal glyphosate impairs behaviour and cognitive capacities of honey bees and reproductive success of earthworm species that inhabit agroecosystems is reduced. In addition, invassivness of GMO plants should not be forgotten. A hypothetical example could be frost resistance in potatoes. After the potato harvest there is always a small part of the potato that remains in the ground. Most of this will freeze to death over the winter and not form weeds the following spring. Frost-

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