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af | y Pxoducts 4 theix Elio fa a , excaciony | thers ~, * “Type OF Nityogenous.- Waste. ¥ UBIC_OCid: Hl * Ammonia * Uyea: Highly Toxic = Less Toxic Least Toxic “Neds MOXIMUM- Less watey Least _Woaies | Wakes EF ‘Mararanisi wep Eg Reptiles. Biads t- €4-_Ag: Amphibians, __ mayine Fishes, __ Insect Spoils. a Insects. Bony. FiShes___Texyestuial_ amphibians — — —————____ _* “kianey, “Measvxements__ nero ae oe —Length= 10-12 ¢m “kidney Width = $7 em - _ Thickness: 2-3 cm: UBetey : ae: | Human_ “Ex ceiosy, system | rar a a ao er —| | | | vrinasy bladdes yetyeg a : I shone Ond Colour of kidney Bean Shape " Reddish birasin ae | Kidneys Gye Situated betP the levels OF Last Thowacic_ 4 Thitd tuts | Towards the centre of the innes concave Surface oF Kidney } is Q notch Called Hilum: 3 a Tnnex to hilum iS 4 byoad Funnel Shaped Space called Renal Pelu: } 1 Hi # # | # * | Zones Of kidney- 2 20nes —f ovter- Comtex Ss I Inney - Medulia: sp Hy it, The medulla iS divided into 4 Few Conical masses Called QS Medoliasy Pyxamids: fe i The Comtex extends in bet? the medollasy pysamids as~ Renal t COlomn Of beytint 4 h 1! i iH ee EE a rn SF cielitiabienaasial Q2=0 > SS Sa eer si i it ca Kidney has neasig one ition complies tobolay 4 SrIVCVOBeS Called Nephyons: 4 # || Functional nit oF kidney~ Nepbyon ae Ae 4 ack, (Fie rat anes (ad, iY Glomeyvlug Renol_tobules 4 re enn ces | ——___ Bowmans_Per__Logp of per —— a Capsule Heme Hy Fi Glomeyulus - tuft 0 F Capillasies foxmed by afferent axtenies. | ___ #]|Gowmons Copsuie- double_Walled cup_tike Stsuctuse- I] # | Molphigian body oy _—> Glomesulvs + BoLsmon's capsule Renal _Covpuscies | “| GHTOMRTUWS" as EFF exent Oateriole HH ¢ i i NAF eend ' a : —_____||Aastenie CT pct F Collecting Duct rt |] Bowmans >) | (WN = ee iu | Capsule - | | [ ‘| = —— Se A en vb) i J * Types af Nephyons: ee CO*tICal_ Nephyons: 7 xia -Med ullaxy Nephss PLOW 1S Shost extends __~ Lol_is_veay. Ring. SON | \IHle_ into medulla ] deeply into the medulla | as os +. yom | > Moyosity of > only_15.7--0F Ne phon |Nephtons (85%) oe ee ———— —— ———————————— PoP Sener np eeieeemeeeseere RT aT ag meen y Be eT ION AE RAAS — Renin. Angiotensinogen. Mdostersone SYBsery Funciioning. OF Raas when GER iS low, BP decweased k activate Hi F Segnere . ie? | —— —_——LRenio LIuAog\omemlax Cells Angiotensinogen teonveytANgialensiagen TI——|_Angiotensipioxen n # vasoconstziction ff Re_OF Aldo stesone ! Reabsosption at dif fexent _Auhiles _# PCT-_70- 80% Clectyolytes and wares i ACtively - Not, Glucose Amino acids , Passively Uxea.., FLOW-_Wyatey 4 electrolytes 5 minimum dbs? at ascending limb # DCT-_ Not, Water, HCOs™ 9. CONdi Honal_ weabsoxption: # CO - Wwdiey 4 Salts TUbdUIAT: Secvetion. at _diffesent tubules. | | # PCT- Ht KT, NAB. HOH ~ hg: & _# per- Ht, kt, NH3 # Cp- Wt kt | Counies cussent is, foamed by Henle's loop. 4 Vasa vec | Puxpose of Counters Cosseni mechandsm is to produce i | Concentyated Uvine 4 Gradient in Coontes coxseni. is mainly caused by Nac) Used.) Human hidney Can produce urine measly. times Concentant thon invial Friiesaie a4 4 | Pyocess of Mictusation | --—— _|] B¥inaxy bladder ___[etwectcbing of }———— gets. filles with {——} walis of — L_pxine p- = aug pe Mictbaation| Release _Lof osine | # “xine /day~ Site ~ # Galycosusia = S0cose_in_orine ||## PH of vsine - 6-0 _ # Ketonvxia - Keto! ne_bodies_in__- en 1a Doeal day - =25-90 gm___#Glycosuia_4 Kelondtis ae — # colour of oxine-Light Yetlats _oxine ok { | Excyetion_O+hes +han_kidney 48 by lungs- Cr (290 milmin) . Some watey. __|# by liver-_Bile (alongwith digestive Waste) i # Disosders. oF _Excuetony _sysiem ft by Sweat 9ldnds- Water. NOCl, Dyed Lactic Geid ata by Sebaceous: a Stevalt War. Hysedcarbon,- Sebvm __— | y ! = ee at # Glomey vl - Mephaitit Inflammation — Or avocneeli ota ; Kidney i # Renal - calculi - Stone OF Cyysiallised salts Coxalates) —- ft Renal Failuxe - kidney Falluye “it Uxemia'- USeq IN blood: ij | conta ction_Of Mus cles Of U' bladdes| + Relaxation of bxethyal_Sphincey | - indicative OF Diabetes Mellitus: — 
