Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity: Temp, pH, Concentrations, and Activators, Exercises of Organic Chemistry

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FACTORS AFFECTING

ENZYME ACTIVITY

BIO-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

PAPER CODE H- 3011

Dr. Mamta Gupta

Introduction

The enzyme kinetics is the study of change in

the reaction rate with experimental

parameters such as temperature, pH, enzyme

concentration, substrate concentration,

effect of product concentration and effect of

activators.

Dr. Mamta Gupta

2. Effect of pH ▪ Enzyme catalysis requires appropriate interaction between the enzyme and the substrate. As the pH changes, the charge of the substrate and the amino acid residues in the active site change, thus decreasing the interaction between the enzyme and substrate with a resulting decrease in catalysis. ▪ Thus increase in the hydrogen ion concentration pH considerably influence the enzyme activity. ▪ A bell shaped curve is normally obtained. ▪ Each and every enzyme has an optimum pH for catalysis at which the velocity is maximum. ▪ Most of the enzyme of higher organisms show optimum activity around neutral pH (6-8). Image Source: Google Images Dr. Mamta Gupta

3. Effect of concentration of enzyme ▪ As the concentration of the enzyme is increased, the velocity or rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction proportionately increases. ▪ In fact this property of enzyme is made use in determining the activities of serum enzymes for diagnosis of disease. Dr. Mamta Gupta Image Source: Google Images

5. Effect of Product Concentration: ▪ The accumulation of reaction products generally decreases the enzyme velocity. ▪ For certain enzymes, the products combine with the active site of enzyme and form a loose complex, thus, inhibit the enzyme activity. ▪ In the living system, this type of inhibition is generally prevented by a quick removal of products formed.
6. Effect of Activators: ▪ Some of the enzymes require certain inorganic metallic cations like Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ ,Na

, K

etc. for their optimum activity. ▪ These are called cofactors. ▪ Rarely anions are also needed for enzyme activity. Eg. Chloride ion ( Cl

) for amylase. Dr. Mamta Gupta

THANK YOU!

Dr. Mamta Gupta