Jurisdiction and Sovereignty in US State Courts: A Case Study, Slides of Law

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Fauntleroy v Lum

(US 1908)

Yarborough v Yarborough

(US 1933)

• “It would be going further than this Court has been willing to go in any decision to say that the power of a state to pass judgment upon the sanity of its own citizen could be foreclosed by an earlier judgment of the court of some other state dealing with the same subject matter.”

• “Parties who have in one state litigated the proper construction of a will disposing of realty are not, by the judgment there, concluded in another state where the testator's realty is located. Nor will a divorce decree seeking to apportion the rights of the parties to realty be conclusive with respect to land outside the state. The interest of a state in controlling all the legal incidents of real property located within its boundaries is deemed so complete and so vital to the exercise of its sovereign powers of government within its own territory as to exclude any control over them by the statutes or judgments of other states.”

• Georgia has mutuality requirement for issue preclusion
• Alabama does not
• P sues D in Georgia state court
• D is found negligent
• P2 sues D in Alabama state court concerning same accident
• May P2 issue preclude D from relitigating his negligence?

Durfee v Duke

(US 1963)

Clarke v. Clarke

(US 1900)

• “This is but to contend that what cannot be done directly can be accomplished by indirection, and that the fundamental principle which gives to a sovereignty an exclusive jurisdiction over the land within its borders is in legal effect dependent upon the nonexistence of a decree of a court of another sovereignty determining the status of such land. Manifestly, however, an authority cannot be said to be exclusive, or even to exist at all, where its exercise may be thus frustrated at any time.”