Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS., Exams of Nursing

Chamberlain College of NursingNursing

FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 01/16/2026

Prof.KatelynWhitman
Prof.KatelynWhitman šŸ‡ŗšŸ‡ø

2.2K documents

1 / 21

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
minimum urine output for adult -ANSWER-0.5mL/kg/hr
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) -ANSWER-- water retainer
- vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
- produced by hypothalamus
- store and released from posterior pituitary
ADH pathway -ANSWER-- hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum
osmolality
- signal pituitary to release ADH
- ADH causes kidney to retain water
- water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) -ANSWER-- cardiac hormone stored in atria
- released when atrial pressure increases
*works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
- important diagnostic marker in CHF
hydrostatic pressure -ANSWER-- forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into
the tissue spaces
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15

Partial preview of the text

Download FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.

minimum urine output for adult - ANSWER-0.5mL/kg/hr ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - ANSWER-- water retainer

  • vasoconstrictor (also called Vasopressin)
  • produced by hypothalamus
  • store and released from posterior pituitary ADH pathway - ANSWER-- hypothalamus senses low blood volumed and increased serum osmolality
  • signal pituitary to release ADH
  • ADH causes kidney to retain water
  • water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) - ANSWER-- cardiac hormone stored in atria
  • released when atrial pressure increases *works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume
  • important diagnostic marker in CHF hydrostatic pressure - ANSWER-- forces fluids and solutes through the capillary wall and into the tissue spaces

colloid osmotic pressure - ANSWER-- pulling force of albumin in the intravascular spaces

  • pull fluid into vasculature maintenance fluid therapy - ANSWER-- replaces normal ongoing losses of water and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool) replacement therapy - ANSWER-- corrects any existing water and or electrolyte deficits isotonic fluids - ANSWER-- tonicity equal to plasma in the body
  • no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated
  • LR
  • NS
  • D5W hypotonic fluids - ANSWER-- lower concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
  • fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS)
  • 0.45NS hypertonic fluid - ANSWER-- higher concentration of solutes in the vasculature than in the cell
  • pulls fluid out of cells and into the vessels (CELL SHRINKS)
  • D5 .45NS
  • D5NS
  • D5LR
  • 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
  • euvolemic (fluid restriction)
  • hypervolemic (diuretic) severe hyponatremia - ANSWER-- EMERGENCY
  • below 115
  • give hypertonic saline if patient is symptomatic
  • in ICU setting infused slowly in small amounts....be prepared to handle seizures hypokalemia ECG changes - ANSWER-- prolonged QT
  • ST depression U WAVE is hallmark sign if you see a U wave then YOU need K+ hypokalemia - ANSWER-- 3.5 to 5
  • muscle weakness hyperkalemia ECG changes - ANSWER-- tall tented T waves is the earliest sign
  • AV blocks

treating hyperkalemia - ANSWER-- Calcium chloric or gluconate to antagonize cardiac abnormalities

  • Bicarbonate for pt with acidosis
  • IV insulin and 50% dextrose to shift K into cells
  • kayexelate (fecal excretion of K)
  • dialysis for ARF hypocalcemia - ANSWER-8.5 - 10.
  • tetany
  • muscle cramps
  • trousseau's and chvosteks sign
  • colicky abdominal pain treating hypocalcemia - ANSWER-- IV calcium gluconate or calcium chloride (CENTRAL LINE)
  • consider seizure precautions
  • replace Mg in addition to Ca because pt might not respond to Ca treatment hypercalcemia - ANSWER-caused by
  • cancers and hyperparathyroidism
  • excessive Ca and Vit. D supplements
  • muscle weakness
  • depressed CNS (confusion)
  • dysrhythmias (prolong QT, AV block)
  • abdominal pain treating hypercalcemia - ANSWER-- administer IV NS to promote diuresis
  • poor tissue oxygenation
  • failure to wean from mechanical ventilation
  • depressed CNS - confusion treating low phosphorus - ANSWER-- increase intake of phos rich food
  • IV
  • assess for hypercalcemia
  • consider Mg replacement simultaneously hyperphosphatemia - ANSWER-- this is rare except for people with severe kidney dysfunction
  • stroke
  • heart attack
  • poor circulation
  • calcium combines with phosphate to form crystals that calcify on walls of vessels and heart
  • crystals can form on skin too causing severe itching order for electrolyte replacement therapy - ANSWER-1. Mg
  1. K
  2. phosphorus
  3. Ca physical assessment of perfusion - ANSWER-- pulses
  • blood pressure
  • skin
  • kidneys
  • sensorium

oxygenation - ANSWER-- SPO

  • nasal cannula and oxygen mask help oxygenate ventilation - ANSWER-- how fast and deep pt is breathing
  • look at CO2 on ABG to assess ventilation
  • BiPAP, Ambu bagsm and ventilators help ventilate *patient can have good oxygenation but not be ventilating adequately systolic Blood Pressure - ANSWER-- pressure on arterial walls during ventricular contraction
  • increase in CO/force of contraction with exercise will increase SBP but not necessarily affect DBP diastolic BP - ANSWER-- pressure during ventricular relaxation
  • vasomotor tone of arterioles and venules dilated arteries = decrease DBP constricted arteries = Increase DBP mean (MAP) - ANSWER-- average pressure for circulation
  • normal 70- 105
  • MAP < 60 is inadequate blood pressure pitfalls - ANSWER-- insensitive sign of early shock
  • must compare to patient baseline
  • first BP should always be done manually

optimizing perfusion - afterload - ANSWER-- since the heart ejects into the arteries....the arteries affect the afterload

  • constricted = more resistance and decreased CO
  • dilated = less resistance and increased CO high afterload - ANSWER-- constricted arteries
  • physical assessment (cool extremities, pale, mottled
  • treat = dilate arteries (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, morphine, rewarm patient) SOO how to optimize perfusion - ANSWER-1. consider fluid status
  1. consider how clamped down the patient is
  2. consider squeeze of the heart low afterload - ANSWER-- low resistance = dilated arteries
  • caused by sepsis, neurogenic shock
  • physical = flushed and red skin, low BP
  • treatment = ICU for vasopressors the patient has developed new coarse crackles, SOB, and JVD. he has a hx of CHF and pitting edema in the extremities. all of the assessments indicate he has high preload EXCEPT a. course crackles

b. SOB c. JVD d. edema - ANSWER-d Pt. has dry mouth, tachycardia and low UO after diuresing 1.5 L from lasix. he has weak pedal pulses and pale lower extremities. Which best describes his hemodynamics a. high preload and vasodilated b. high preload and vasoconstricted c. low preload and dilated d. low preload and constricted - ANSWER-d what is blood pressure - ANSWER-- MAP = CO x SVR

  • increase in CO or SVR will increase MAP and vice versa
  • patient with MAP of 60 can have high or low CO and high or low SVR a good BP does not mean good perfusion V1 and V2 look at what part of the heart - ANSWER-- septum V3 and V4 look at what part of the heart - ANSWER-- anterior V5 and V6 look at what part of the heart - ANSWER-- lateral lead selection - ANSWER-- lead III is used to monitor patient who has no cardiac history
  • lead II to look at P waves

what is chest pain - ANSWER-- a decrease in the deliver of O2 to tissue stable angina - ANSWER-- imbalance of O2 delivery and O2 demand

  • caused by plaque in vessels unstable angina - ANSWER-- occurs with plaque rupture
  • troponin normal NSTEMI - ANSWER-- non full thickness infarction of myocardium
  • slight increase in troponins STEMI - ANSWER-- full thickness infarction of myocardium
  • increase in troponins Ischemia ECG - ANSWER-- flipped T wave
  • ST depression injury ECG - ANSWER-- ST elevation infarction ECG - ANSWER-- Q waves form after 24 hrs of infarction ST depression - ANSWER-- ISCHEMIA ST elevation - ANSWER-- INJURY

what to do in torsades - ANSWER-- give Mg Sulfate

  • CPR
  • defibrillate what drugs lengthen QTc - ANSWER-- antiarrhythmics
  • antipsychotics
  • antidepressants where do we monitor bundle branch blocks - ANSWER-- V what does a LBBB look like - ANSWER-- inverted and wide QRS and elevated T or opposite
  • usually means MI what does a RBBB look like - ANSWER-- rSR bunny ear pattern
  • wide QRS
  • inverted T waves chronotrope - ANSWER-- affect HR inotrope - ANSWER-- affect squeeze ACE inhibitors - ANSWER-- initial dose can drop BP dramatically
  • subsequent double dosing shold not drop the BP significantly -- BP is not a good parameter for finding effective dose for HF patient commone causes for INR increase - ANSWER-- hepatic congestion from RHF decreases liver production of vitamin K dependent clotting factors
  • keep your patient in bed. DO NOT get them up
  • get 2 PIV sites positive inotropes - ANSWER-- increase the force of contraction of the heart negative inotropes - ANSWER-- weaken the force of contraction of the heart
  • decrease how hard the heart has to work what are inotropes used for - ANSWER-- low cardiac output due to poor heart contraction ex. cardiogenic shock after MI, HF, following cardiac surgery how do inotropes work on the body - ANSWER-- work by increasing the release of calcium or influx of calcium into the heart muscle cell never give Ca blocker with inotrope common inotropes used - ANSWER-- milrinone
  • dobutamine
  • dopamine MEds to give before dialysis - ANSWER-- insulin
  • pain meds
  • phosphate binders
  • anti seizure
  • anti psychotic
  • HR control and long acting antihypertensives
  • heparin
  • anti rejection
  • meds given TID or more meds to Hold before dialysis - ANSWER-- antibiotics
  • diuretics
  • short acting antihypertensives
  • once a day meds like vitamins and aspirin leading causes of CKD - ANSWER-1. diabetes
  1. HTN best time for blood transfusion to dialysis pt - ANSWER-- during dialysis how long to wait to draw labs after dialysis - ANSWER-- 2 hrs ultrafiltration - ANSWER-- removes fluid AV fistula - ANSWER-- listen for bruit
  • feel for thrill
  • requires 2 to 3 months to heal before using
  • lasts longest
  • fewest infections
  • fewest clotting problems can a dialysis catheter be used as IV access during a code - ANSWER-- yes
  • beer acute kidney injury - ANSWER-- decreased kidney function within 48 hrs
  • UO < 0.5 ml/kg/hr for 6 to 12 hrs determinants of renal function - ANSWER-- renal perfusion
  • tubular function
  • post renal structure 4 phases of AKI - ANSWER-- onset
  • oliguric
  • diuretic = indicates return of tubular function
  • recovery prerenal renal failure - ANSWER-- perfusion problem
  • there is decreased renal perfusion
  • nephrons are fully intact
  • if not reversed...can lead to permanent damage causes of prerenal renal failure - ANSWER-- decreased intravascular volume (bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, sepsis)
  • decreased cardiac function, CO
  • vasodilation = sepsis and anaphylaxis
  • abdominal compartment syndrome
  • altered renal hemodynamics

assessment for prerenal renal failure - ANSWER-- oliguria

  • fluid deficit (hypotension, tachycardia, dry membranes, weak, change in LOC) lab values for prerenal renal failure - ANSWER-- high urine osmolality
  • low urine Na
  • high urine specific gravity
  • high BUN:Creatinine ration
  • NO proteinuria treating prerenal renal failure - ANSWER-- volume expansion
  • vasopressors intrerenal renal failure - ANSWER-- actual damage to nephrons and primary tubules cortical intrarenal failure causes - ANSWER-- caused by infection , immune system, vascular damage, HTN, diabetes medullary (ATN) intrarenal failure causes - ANSWER-- ischemic (same as prerenal)
  • nephrotoxic
  • antibiotics
  • NSAIDs
  • radiographic contrast intrarenal renal failure assessment - ANSWER-- same as prerenal
  • patient can be oliguric or non oliguric