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FCM3 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Biology

Virginia State University (VSU)Biology

FCM3 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDEFCM3 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2023/2024

Available from 07/19/2024

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FCM3 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE
1.White- pale complexion: • Cold patterns
•Deficiency patterns
•Hemorrhage
•Syncope due to exhaustion of yang qi
2.Different pale complexions: • Pale, white, brigh
- Qi Deficiency
- Yang Deficiency
•Pale, white, [lusterless]/ Sallow:
- Blood Deficiency
•Bright white + deficiency edema in face
- Yang Qi Deficiency due to: Severe
wheezing. Chronic nephritis; and
Massive bleeding
3.The red complexion: • In general: heat
•Whole face red
=Excess Heat
•Pale face with cheeks red
=Deficiency Heat
•Rouge-like redness wandering on a
pale face; also called "floating redness"
fú hóng n¢:
=Dài Yáng 43W(iseman: "Upcast Yang")
= False Heat Upper; True Cold Lower: redness
moves around in the face
4.The bluish complexion: In general: wind cold, blood stasis, pain, any
severe stagnation in the body.
•Dark bluish:
=Epilepsy; child fright wind Grayish blue + blue
or purple lips
=Blood Stasis binding in inner body
=Heart Yang Deficiency
•Bluish somber white =Wind-Cold headache
=Cold Pain
•Dark bluish-purple (cyanotic)
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FCM3 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE

  1. White- pale complexion: • Cold patterns
  • Deficiency patterns
  • Hemorrhage
  • Syncope due to exhaustion of yang qi
  1. Different pale complexions: • Pale, white, brigh
  • Qi Deficiency
  • Yang Deficiency
  • Pale, white, [lusterless]/ Sallow:
  • Blood Deficiency
  • Bright white + deficiency edema in face
  • Yang Qi Deficiency due to: Severe wheezing. Chronic nephritis; and Massive bleeding
  1. The red complexion: • In general: heat
  • Whole face red =Excess Heat
  • Pale face with cheeks red =Deficiency Heat
  • Rouge-like redness wandering on a pale face; also called "floating redness" fú hóng n¢: =Dài Yáng 43 W(iseman: "Upcast Yang") = False Heat Upper; True Cold Lower: redness moves around in the face
  1. The bluish complexion: In general: wind cold, blood stasis, pain, any severe stagnation in the body.
  • Dark bluish: =Epilepsy; child fright wind Grayish blue + blue or purple lips =Blood Stasis binding in inner body =Heart Yang Deficiency
  • Bluish somber white =Wind-Cold headache =Cold Pain
  • Dark bluish-purple (cyanotic)

=Blocked Lung Qi

  1. Yellow complexion: Jaundice: two types
  • Bright Yellow Jaundice ="Yang Jaundice" 3Ä: = Damp Heat
  • Dull Yellow Jaundice="Yin Jaundice" = Damp Cold
  • Jaundice occurs as a result of increased bile pigments in the blood due to serious liver disease
  • Hepatitis
  • Cholecistitis • Cirrhosis
  • The skin, eyes and urine become yellow
  1. Black complexion: • Severe or extreme conditions, particularly if due to
  • Kidney Deficiency • Blood Stasis
  • Pain
  • Extreme Cold
  1. Black jaundice: Liver-Kidney debilitation and internal obstruction
  2. Gray complexion: • Pale Gray =Kidney Yang Deficiency
  • Lusterless Gray =Blood Stasis
  1. Slimy tongue coat: food stagnation or phlegm 10. Five wheels of the eye:
  2. Ten Questions: 1. Cold and Heat 2.Sweat 3.Head and Body (dizziness and headache) 4.Urine and Stool 5.Food, Drink, Taste in mouth 6.Chest, Rib side, Stomach duct, abdomen 7.Ears and Eyes 8.Thirst, intake os beverages 9.Sleep 10.Pain
  3. Inquiry of Women: a. menstruation b. vaginal discharge
  1. Extra Questions: Fatigue Emotions Exercise
  2. OLDCAARTS (Disease History): Onset Location Duration Characteristic s Aggravates Alleviates Related Factors Treatment Severity
  3. Cold: chills aversion to cold/wind
  4. Heat: fever, sweat, thirst, rapid pulse 4 bigs
  5. simultaneous cold and heat: external attack
  6. alternating heat and cold: shao yang
  7. 2 signs of external contraction: 1. simultaneous fever and chills
  8. floating pulse
  9. difference between internal damage and external attack: External: sudden onset, short duration, simultaneous fever and chills, floating pulse Internal: slow onset, long course, hot OR cold, pulse not floating
  10. wind cold: aversion to cold (chills) stronger than fever(Tai Yang Stage)
  11. Wind heat: Fever is stronger than chills (Wei aspect)
  12. External cold: - yang decline
  • chills + fever
  • recent onset
  • blankets done relieve chills -Aversion to cold -No sweating -Pain in the body -Floating tight pulse (Float -external attack) (Tight - cold contracting)
  1. yang ming/ qi level/internal excess heat: 4 bigs
  2. sign of deficiency heat: malar

flush 5 center heat

  1. shao yin level heat: heat from kidney xu

Yang xu symptoms: diarrhea, frequent pale urine, etc. Abdominal pain better with pressure Pulse: Deficient Tongue: Pale, swollen, wet

  1. Shao Yang (Half exterior Half interior pattern): alternating fever and chills
  2. Damp heat lingering: Persistent fever: pathogen is intense and condition is serious
  1. Malarial disease: Alternating fixed intervals of alternating chills and fever present in 3 day cycles.
  2. Tidal fever: Stomach- intestine heat bind
  • afternoon tidal fever (spikes in evening - not same as yin def)
  • constipation, abdominal fullness, distention and pain
  • burnt yellow or old yellow tongue fur
  • forceful, deep, full pulse
  • delirious speech Yin deficiency
  • No fever or low fever during day, that rises in the afternoon / early evening
  • May cause "steaming bone" tidal fever
  1. Heat in fu-bowels/ Zang organs: Fever: mild to moderate signs of vexation
  2. Qi deficiency: Fever: low grade & irregular intermittent w lassitude and weakness
  3. Yang deficiency: - Chills, no fever
  • Usually longer term
  • Heat source: blankets, relieve chills
  • cold extremities
  1. Cold extremities: Qi stagnation Inner body heat bind Blood Deficiency
  2. If the patient experiences or reports a sudden drop in temperature during the course of a disease this indicates a severe worsening of the condition and is indicative of:: Yang collapse
  3. : Cold extremities
  4. Excess Heat symptoms: Strong fever Red flushed face Thirst with desire to drink cold beverages Sweating (does not resolve fever) Yellow urine, Vexation, Constipation Tongue- Red body, yellow fur Pulse: Rapid & replete
  1. tongue inspection considerations: Sufficient light- natural light Extending tongue (too long changes color) Stained tongue coating, false signs (food/drink, tongue scraping)
  2. normal tongue: -Tongue Body: pale red, bright and moist, not too fat or thin, flexible. -Coating should be thin, white and even -Tongue should be in between dry and wet.
  3. what does the the tongue body color reflect?: hot or cold yin organs state of blood ying qi
  4. Pulse: seasonal association: • Spring = Stringlike
  • Summer = Surging
  • Autumn = Floating
  • Winter = Sunken
  1. Floating Pulse types: -Floating Pulse (superficial) -Hollow (scallion stalk) -Soggy (soft) -Scattered -Drum-skin (leather)
  2. Floating Pulse (Superficial): -Obtained with light pressing -Fades with greater pressure -Governs exterior
  • External pattern: floating w chills, fever, head and body ache
  • Wind cold or tai yang external excess pattern: floating and light: fever and intense chills, absence of sweat
  • Wind heat: floating and fast:
  • Severe def. Of right qi: floating, empty and rootless in chronic disease or major blood loss.
  1. Soggy pulse (Soft): Superficial, shallow, fine and soft, small forceless

Qi def: spleen and stomach Blood vacuity Damp evil invading - qi and blood rush to surface, pulse is floating

  1. Deep pulse: Felt clearly only on heavy pressure, felt near sinew and bone More normal in winter Internal disorders Can indicate internal repletion or vacuity
  2. deep, wiry, and or full pulse: Felt only with heavy pressing at deep level Felt as though tied to bone, wiry, long, replete Opposite of drumskin pulse Replete, stubborn, difficult to treat patterns Obstruction and stagnation due to cold or hard masses
  3. Fast Pulse: 90-139 beats per minute 6 beats per breath
  4. Fast and forceful: excess heat
  5. Fast and thin: Deficiency Heat
  6. Fast forceless and large: Qi deficiency
  7. Slippery Pulse: Smooth and flowing like pearls rolling in a dish Arrives and departs smoothly - "small fish swimming"
  • Dampness, phlegm, excess heat, food stagnation
  • Normal in pregnancy
  1. Slippery and fast: Damp heat
  2. slippery and large or slippery and fast: Internal excess heat
  3. Slow Pulses: Slow pulse moderate pulse rough pulse
  4. Slow pulse: less than 60 beats per minute Departs and arrives slowly Governs cold patterns (can be interior or exterior, vacuous or replete) Cold contracts and stagnates blood flow slowing
  1. Moderate pulse (Leisurely): 4 beats per breath, even and balanced, felt in middle depth Sign of health, pulse of stomach qi Commonly seen in damp patterns Damp is sticky and heavy, blocking qi mechanism and flow of qi & blood not free causing pulse to arrive slowly and moderately
  2. Rough/ Choppy Pulse: Arrives roughly, slowly and stagnating, like knife scrap- ing bamboo Opposite of Slippery pulse. Arrives slow, fine and short, uneven. Arrives slowly & with difficulty.
  3. Rough and forceful: blood stasis
  4. Rough and forceless: Qi and blood deficiency
  5. Empty/ Deficient Pulse: Felt large but forceless, slightly slow felt with light pressure, empty and vacuous on heavier pressure.
  • Qi deficiency: especially Lung
  • Qi and blood deficiency
  • Summerheat damage
  • Empty and fast: • Yin deficiency
  1. Faint Pulse: Felt extremely fine and soft
  • loss of blood
  • loss of fluids: profuse sweat, diarrhea, vomit, etc.
  • collapse of yang
  1. Weak Pulse: Felt deep, forceless, thin and small. (Felt only at deep level)
  • Vacuity of qi, blood, and Yang
  • seen in : debilitated patients, chronic cough, or blood loss, or after giving birth.
  1. Full/ Excess Pulse: Felt forceful, long, slightly wiry Felt forceful as it rises and falls. Perceived at all three levels
  • Exuberant excess, especially fire evil
  • Food stagnation or excess in bowels with bound stool
  • In healthy, robust patients without disease signs, this pulse is normal
  1. Tight Pulse: Felt tight and forceful like a tightly twisted rope, unevenly stretched, bouncing from side to side (right and left). Vibrating and urgent, strikes tightly, and snaps.
  1. Short Pulse: Felt:Occupies smaller space: seen at surface, def. At lower depth.
  1. Short and forceless: - Qi and blood deficiency
  • Yang Qi deficiency
  • Hemorrhage
  1. Short and forceful: Phlegm accumulation Food Stagnation Impaired flow of qi and blood
  2. Wiry pulse: Felt: long, straight, somewhat forceful like a guitar string Pulse is more narrow than tight or long pulse Most commonly seen pulse clinically Pulse is ascribed to the liver and spring time Indicates: diseases of liver and/or gall bladder: i.e. liver qi yu, liver wind, liver fire, liver/gb damp heat, etc. Phlegm stagnation Food stagnation Pain
  3. Wiry and empty: Ascending Yang due to yin deficiency Spleen stomach deficiency cold Liver/spleen or liver/stomach disharmony
  4. problems with pulse diagnosis: -subjective -effected by outside influences (drugs) -takes lots of practice
  5. what does the depth of a pulse tell you?: if the problem is more internal or external
  6. what does the strength of the pulse tell you?: if the condition is excess or deficient
  7. what does the rate of the pulse tell you?: if the condition is cold or hot
  8. things that can effect the pulse: -Quiet, peaceful environment -Individual abnormalities, gender, age -Seasons -Affects of emotional changes
  • having eaten
  • alcohol
  • fasting
  1. normal pulse good stomach qi: smooth soft but not weak flexible and strong

Fever, stagnation in the body

not enough fluids to sweat internal pattern no external signs

  1. Yang collapse: Profuse cold sweat during severe illness Oily sweat : large drops that are constantly streaming from body Reduction of body temp: chills
  2. Right qi expelling evil: Copious sweat w reduction of fever or A continuous high fever followed by shiver sweating and reduction of fever.
  3. Exterior pattern w ying- wei disharmony: Also called Shao yang disorder half internal/ half external alternating chills and fever no sweat if sweat then chills and fever continue on Continuous intermittent fever, fever is not severe, floating moderate pulse, alternat- ing chills anf fever
  4. Wind- heat: Bombarded by heat and so sweat dry sore scratchy throat, upper body affected, phlegm, can cause uncomfortable throat infections, floating rapid pulse, red or dry eyes, red complexing, yellow coat tongue. Dry yellow sticky phlegm, difficult to expectorate. W thirst.
  5. Four bigs: pulse, fever, thirst, sweat
  6. Great qi aspect heat: The four greats qi def. : spontaneous sweat Yin def: night sweats Febrile diseases 109. The Head is the place where all Yang channels meet and bring the clear yang to the Head, Face and Orifices True or False: True
  7. Wind cold headache: Externally contracted evil : external symptoms discomfort of neck and occiput aversion to cold chills lingering headache
  8. Wind cold damp headache: Externally