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2024 ANSC 4394 Exam #2- Feeds &
Feedings
____Meal provides a glossy hair coat and bloom to hair - ANSWER-Linseed a batch mixer mixes the feed while it is being ground - ANSWER-false A burr mill contains one ___________ plate and one ________ plate that grind the feed.
- ANSWER-stationary; rotating a burr mill contains two stationary plates that grind the feed - ANSWER-false Additive - ANSWER--antibiotics -flavor enhancers -hormones MEDICAL USES additives are used to improve preservation of silage - ANSWER-true Advantages of Green Chop: - ANSWER--large yield of nutrients -less nutrient loss -less trampling loss (cut it & feed it) -lack of uniform quality -problem with weather -equipment cost -not a year round crop Advantages/disadvantages of grinding grains.... - ANSWER-increased fineness of grind results -improved feed efficiency -faster passage through GI tract
-increase gastric ulcers if too fine -reduced palatability -bridging -dustiness -increased cost Advantages/disadvantages of heat feed ingredients... - ANSWER--increased nutrient availability -increased palatability -destroy enzyme inhibitors -inactive toxins (raw soybean cannot be fed because of toxins unless heated)
-reduced palatability (if heated too long) -reduce certain vitamins (temperamental in heat) -bind protein (mallard reaction) -cost Advantages/disadvantages of pelleting grains... - ANSWER-(compacting ground feed through dicot openings) -increased consumption -decreased dust & segregation -mechanized feeding -decreased storage space -improved fiber utilization -partial generalization of starch
-increased costs -quality control needed -fat additions -gastric ulcers an auger wagon is used for liquid feed that requires a long mixing time - ANSWER-true anhydrous ammonia - ANSWER-improves energy availability As Fed - ANSWER-(wet;fresh) expression of nutrient concentration of a feedstuff in the wet form of that feedstuff as-fed expression of nutrients-dilutes the nutrients - ANSWER-true Batch feed mixers - ANSWER-individual ingredients are ground before they go into the mixer -vertical: cylinder inverted cone -horizontal: u-shaped (liquid molasses, silage) -auger wagon: liquid molasses that needs longer mixing blood meal has 80% crude protein - ANSWER-true Butyric acid will be produced in a silo if there is insufficient lactic acid present - ANSWER-true calcium is not well utilized by the animal - ANSWER-false calculated TDN - ANSWER-= % digestible protein+ %dig fiber+ % dig NFE + (%dig fat times 2.25) Carbonaceous Concentrates - ANSWER--high energy -feed grain and byproducts
Distadvantages of TDN - ANSWER-- considers only digestive losses: ignores energy losses via urine, gas, and heat production -not expressed in energy terminology -overstimates energy value of forages, esp. poor quality forages Dry Forage - ANSWER-(greater than 18% CF) -straws -legumes -hays Dry Matter - ANSWER-(moisture free) expression of nutrient concentration of a feedstuff in the dry form of that feedstuff. Energy Feed - ANSWER-(less than 20% CP & less than 18% CF) -corn -milo -oats expression of nutrient concentration in a FS in a 90% DM basis - ANSWER-Air-dry Facet 4 denotes stage of maturity - ANSWER-true Facts that may influence the value of a feedstuff... - ANSWER--soil fertility -growing condition -harvesting -processing and storage fat additions should be no more than 4% of diet before going into pelleting machine - ANSWER-false Fat additives should be no more than __________% of a diet before going into a pelleting machine. - ANSWER-3% Fresh Forage Advantages - ANSWER--green chop GE= - ANSWER-DE + FE Green Chop - ANSWER-forage that is freshly cut/chopped and fed to livestock. green chop - ANSWER-freshly cut forage; chopped forage-fed before it ferments -may lower bloat -less expensive -problem with weather not a year around crop
mostly used in dairy cattle Green chop is mainly used in the swine industry - ANSWER-False, dairy cattle Gross energy minus fecal energy equals what? - ANSWER-Digestible Energy hay making - ANSWER-- 15% moisture or less drying agaents remove waxy layer( sodium/ potassium carbonate) Heat damage to hay will occur at a ________ moisture level. - ANSWER-25% Heat damage to hay will occur at a 10% moisture level - ANSWER-false Heat treatment methods... - ANSWER--steam flaking -steam rolling -pressure flaking -roasting -extruding -popping -exploding -micronizing Horizontal silos are placed on a concrete slab - ANSWER-false, in the ground It does not mold in a silo because the oxygen is being ___________ and carbon dioxide is being ____________. - ANSWER-consumed; produced metabolic energy - ANSWER-DE - UE & GPD Methods of processing feedstuff - ANSWER--grinding -heat process -chopping -pelleting methods to measure net energy - ANSWER-- energy balance trial -comparative slaughter technique Mineral Supplement - ANSWER--limestone -calcium carbonate Most sources of NPN are a source of 15-25% N - ANSWER-false NEg= - ANSWER-NEg Mcal/day ÷ NEg Mcal/lb NEm= - ANSWER-NEm Mcal/day ÷ NEm Mcal/lb
taste( palatable) processing feedstuffs will improve feed efficiency by 5-15% - ANSWER-true Processing feedstuffs will improve feed efficiency by how much? - ANSWER-5-15% propionic acid - ANSWER-removes waxy layer in hay Propionic acid allows hay to be stored at a higher moisture content - ANSWER-true Protein Supplement - ANSWER-(greater than 20% CP) -soybean meal -cottonseed meal -meat & bone/blood meal -tankage
- milk products -animal waste Proteinaceous Concentrations - ANSWER-Protein Quality -kinds, amounts & ratio of AA -NPN only fed to ruminants -AA must be supplied to non ruminants EEA -Tryptophan -Lysine -EAA grains ( fair scouce) methionine ( SBM, fish meal) Gycien and glutamic acid ( corn) SWINE AND POULTRY NEED lysine, tryptophan, threonine, methionine Proteinaceous roughages - ANSWER-primary legumes -legume forages -alfalfa -red clover -alsike/white/ladino/sweet clover -birdsfoot trefoil Proteinaceous Roughages - ANSWER-primary legumes -legume forages -alfalfa -red clover -alsike/white/ladino/sweet clover -birdsfoot trefoil
roughage feedstuffs - ANSWER--low in fiber & high in fiber -bulk in ruminant rations -required in lactating dairy rations -good source of fat soluble vitamins -palatable to ruminants -beef finishing and swine rations Roughage Feedstuffs - ANSWER--low in fiber & high in fiber -bulk in ruminant rations -required in lactating dairy rations -good source of fat soluble vitamins -palatable to ruminants -beef finishing and swine rations Ruminants can tolerate ___% of animal fat as their energy source - ANSWER- rye is one of the least palatable carbonaceous concentrates - ANSWER-true Scale sensitivity in feed mixing... - ANSWER-should be 2% of smallest weight of item (check with standard weights & clean platform) Scale sensitivity should be... - ANSWER-2% of the smallest item weight Silage - ANSWER-(product of acid fermentation of green forage) -corn -alfalfa sodium bentonite is used as a pellet binder - ANSWER-true Sources of minerals: - ANSWER-Calcium -limestone (33-38% Ca), oyster shell (37-39% Ca), dicalcium phosphate (23-28% Ca) Phosphorus -phosphoric acid (22-32% P), diammonium phosphate (20-24% P), dicalcium phosphate (18-22% P) Salt -most fed mineral of them all (appetite enhancer/depressor), fed free-choice soybean meal is in class - ANSWER- TDN only considers what kind of losses? - ANSWER-digestive (fecal) These types of silos are placed in the ground? - ANSWER-Horizontal Silos This type of batch mixture is used for liquid feed that requires a long mixing time - ANSWER-Auger Wagon
when increasing the fineness of grind- the feedstuff is subject to wind loss - ANSWER- true When increasing the fineness of the grind, the feedstuff is subject to... - ANSWER-- improved feed efficiency -faster passage through GI tract -increased gastric ulcers -reduced palatability -bridging -dustiness increased cost -wind loss Why process feedstuff... - ANSWER--increase efficiency of handling -increase utilization (digestibility/palatability) -alter density (increase/decrease bulk) -improve feed efficiency (how many lbs of feed need to be fed to increase lb in weight) *increase efficiency, decrease cost of gain
