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SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
COURSE GUIDE 2007/
Department of Sociology
SO4518 - Femininity and Masculinity
Please check your university e-mail account regularly
Course Co-ordinator
The Course Co-ordinator for SO 4518 is Dr Rhoda Wilkie (Room: F.23 in the Edward Wright Building; email: [email protected] ; tel: 274353
Credit Rating
This course is offered in the second semester. It has a credit rating of 30; that is, it is expected to take up 50% of the time of a full-time student.
Course Aims
- The course will communicate the way in which sociological approaches to gender relate to debates from other disciplines that have been influential in sociology.
- The course will teach students to apply the main principles of sociological work on gender to specific research problems.
- The course will promote student study skills in producing analytical, critical course work that draws upon more advanced sociological and related sources.
- The course will enable students to present work within small group settings, and to contribute regularly to small-group discussions, and to sharpen their skills in teamwork and group facilitation.
- The course will enable students to appreciate the benefits of critical and comparative analyses of sociological and related questions, specifically on those topics that the course addresses.
- Students will be encouraged to develop their capacity for producing reasoned responses to empirical and theoretical problems.
- The course will build their understanding of sociological and related approaches to gender and will teach about the relative importance and influence of approaches that influence the material aspects of gender and gender relations and those that emphasise the symbolic aspects.
Learning Outcomes
Students should be able to:
- Demonstrate understanding of major theoretical approaches to gender.
- Describe and critically interpret evidence and information relating to specific gender topics
- Produce coherent and reasoned arguments in written work and class discussions about gender topics.
- demonstrate a critical understanding of empirical research related to gender
- Show an understanding of the importance of a comparative and critical approach to studying gender. Such an approach should demonstrate an advanced understanding of social inequalities, cultural diversity, social change, and evaluations of the influence of social structures and individual agency in the playing out of gender
- To effectively use the library and other information sources to research relevant theoretical and empirical material.
- To prepare material for leading and participating in seminar discussions
- To work with fellow students in organising seminars and in commenting on each other’s work
- To engage in self-directed learning, assisted by a little formal guidance.
- A reflexive approach to their own work, involving balanced self-criticism and intellectual progression
- Show effective management of resources, especially time, information technology and major information sources such as the library and the internet
Course Requirements and Assessment
1. Course Requirements
(a) Satisfactory attendance at, and participation in, tutorials;
(b) Delivery of a tutorial presentation and submission of tutorial facilitation report;
(c) Submission of one essay by the relevant deadline;
(d) Reading at least what is listed as essential;
(e) Achieving in the final examination.
2. Assessment
This course is assessed by:
- one tutorial facilitation report (15%)
- one 2500 word essay (25%)
- one three hour examination (60%).
Each student will be required to submit one tutorial facilitation report (of approx. 1000-1250 words) worth 15% and one essay of 2500 words worth 25%. Please submit two copies of each assignment and keep a copy for yourself. The department is very careful but it handles large numbers of essays. The final responsibility is yours.
Tutorial facilitation topics will be assigned at the introductory tutorial meeting.
Essays : You may choose any essay from the list at the back of the brochure, as long as it is different from your tutorial facilitation topic.
ALL ESSAYS are due at NOON on Monday the 5th^ of May 2008 in the essay box allocated for fourth year Sociology assignments.
3. If you fail to meet these requirements, we may remove you from the course.
The details of the School’s policy for enforcing requirements can be found in the Handbook at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/socsci/about/course or through your portal, and the University’s procedures for monitoring student progress are explained at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/registry/calendar/generalregulations
- If you are having trouble meeting our requirements, you must talk to the Course Co-ordinator.
Week 3 Is gender socially constructed or is it something that we do?
How do we become women and men? What does it mean to say that gender is socially constructed and what are the problems of such an approach? Is it more helpful to think of gender as something we ‘do’?
Week 4 Key approaches to understanding gender
This lecture sets out some of the key theoretical approaches to understanding gender. In particular it gives an overview of the theoretical shift from an emphasis on the material aspects of gender to cultural representations of gender.
Week 5 How equal are women and men now?
As we explored last week materialist theories analyse and endeavour to account for the continuation of gender inequalities. You will have the opportunity to assess for yourselves the extent to which gender inequalities continue to persist today. Each student will read and summarise the findings of a relevant article or report to assess how equal men and women are in contemporary society. All students will prepare a few PowerPoint slides summarising their findings, and a number of students will be asked to give a short talk i.e. up to 5 minutes to the rest of the class.
Week 6 Are there gendered interests that require political representation?
There are two threads to this lecture – one is whether certain identities (in particular gender identities) produce certain politics, the other investigates what ‘the personal is political’ might mean.
Week 7 What are the relationships between gender and other inequalities?
Inequalities of class, ethnicity, age, ability and sexual orientation cut across gender. This lecture considers differences between and amongst women and men.
Week 8 Is there such a thing as a woman or a man?
Are language and other symbolic systems based around a dichotomy between ‘normal’ masculine ways of being and of viewing the world and ‘other’? Can what it means to be a woman within these masculine symbolic systems be expressed? Does gender produce us as subjects and to what extent can we cause ‘gender trouble’?
Week 9 How important are bodies in understanding gender?
The sociology of the body has played an important role in the development of ideas about gender. We will consider key debates about gender and bodies, especially essentialism and constructionism.
Week 10 How important is the mass media in shaping our ideas about gender?
How important are media images in shaping gender. How are gendered bodies portrayed within the mass media, and how might these images of bodies be ‘read’?
Week 11 What is the future of gender?
Donna Haraway (cited in `Kemp and Squires 1997: 482) suggests that ‘cyborg imagery can suggest a way out of the maze of dualisms in which we have explained our bodies’. For example, how may technological developments undermine boundaries between humans and animals, and organisms and machines? What are the implications of such boundary ambiguities in terms of the future of ‘gender’?
Week 12 Revision lecture
TUTORIAL TIMETABLE
Tutorial meeting number
Tutorial topic Essential reading
*** reading in bold is in course reader** 1 No Tutorial : Attend 4 th^ Year Project Presentations
No reading
(^2) Introduction AND allocation of tutorial topics No reading
3 How different are females and males?
- Fausto-Sterling, A (2002) ‘Five sexes’
- Holmes, M (2007) ‘How Different are Women and Men?’ (Ch. 2)
4 Is gender socially constructed or is it something that we do?
- West, C & Zimmerman, D (1987) ‘Doing Gender’
- Holmes, M (2007) ‘Is Gender Something that We Do?’ (Ch.3)
5 Key approaches to understanding gender
- Jackson, S (1998) ‘Feminist Social Theory’
- Holmes, M (2007) ‘How Can Gender be Best Explained?’ (Ch.4)
6 How equal are women and men now?
- Walby, S (1997) ‘Introduction’
- Holmes, M (2007) ‘Introduction to the Sociology of Gender’ (Ch 1)
7 Are there gendered interests that require political representation?
- Adams, M (1989) ‘There’s no place like home’
- Holmes, M (2007) ‘What are the Politics of Gender?’ (Ch 6)
8 What are the relationships between gender and other inequalities?
- Mohanty, C. T (2000) ‘Under Western Eyes’
- Holmes, M (2007) Chaps 7 and 8
9 Is there such a thing as a woman or a man?
- Hood-Williams and Harrison (1998) ‘Trouble with Gender’
- Salih, S (2002) ‘Gender’
- Wilchins, R (2004) ‘Derrida and the Politics of Meaning’
10 How important are bodies in understanding gender?
- Howson, A (2004) ‘The Body, Gender and Sex’
- Holmes, M (2007) ‘Is Gender about Bodies?’ (Ch. 5)
11 How important is the mass media in shaping our ideas about gender?
- Bordo, S (1993) ‘Material Girl’
- Gauntlet, D (2002) Chap 2
12 What is the future of gender?
- Wajcam, J (2004) ‘The Cyborg Solution’
- Holmes, M (2007) ‘Conclusion: So What is Gender?(Ch 9)
The word counts are a guide to what you should emphasise, but you can mix the elements together if you wish. For example, as you discuss specific readings you may want to discuss any critical points made about them in the tutorial. If you are unsure about any of the above points do not hesitate to get in touch with me.
Two hard copies of the completed report must be submitted one week following your tutorial. Tutorial facilitation reports will be available to all students via the course WebCT page as a revision resource. So please also submit an electronic copy of your report by email to [email protected]
Submitting assignments
All course work must be submitted through TurnitinUK (http://www.submit.ac.uk/) Instructions are noted at the end of this booklet and will be provided in the tutorials.
Assignments are to be placed in the relevant essay box opposite room F14 in Edward Wright Building. Submit your assignment electronically through TurnitinUK (go to http://www.submit.ac.uk). Print off page one of the Turnitin©UK Originality Report and affix it and the cover sheet, when completed, to two copies of your assignment. The submission date is that logged on TurnitinUK.
Information and advice on plagiarism can be accessed from www.abdn.ac.uk/sls/plagiarism. This resource includes: The University’s definition of plagiarism, An Avoiding Plagiarism Checklist, Help with referencing and citing and Information about TurnitinUK
Late submission
Late submission No extensions will be granted except for illness or other extreme circumstances.
Essays/assignments which are submitted late will be marked up to a maximum of CAS mark 8 irrespective of the number of days that the essay is turned in late. The submission date will be that logged by the Turnitin system.
Essays at all levels will be marked without penalty if evidence is produced of illness or good cause. Students (or their course co-ordinators) can fill out a form to self-certify illness for five working days (one week). If no self-certificate is received within a week, the relevant penalties will be applied from the date of the original submission date. If illness or extreme circumstances incapacitate a student for more than five working days, this must be verified by a medical certificate by a health professional (in the case of illness) or written verification of good cause from the Course Coordinator. If no medical certificate or written verification of good cause is produced to extend a self-certificate, then the relevant penalties are applied starting from the sixth working day following the official submission date.
Plagiarism and referencing
The University defines plagiarism as ‘the use, without adequate acknowledgement, of the intellectual work of another person in work submitted for assessment’. The University regards plagiarism as a serious offence. In extreme cases it can result in the student being removed from the course. You avoid plagiarism by referring to the sources of your information and ideas in the text of your essay. This also has the positive effect of showing your reader that you are well-informed and that your statements are reliable. That is, we want you use the relevant literature and to refer to these sources explicitly in your essay. When should you refer to your sources? If you have copied something, even a short phrase, word for word out of a book, or if you have copied and pasted anything from an Internet site, you must put it in quotation marks and give a reference. However, we prefer that, wherever possible, you put what you have read in your own words. This is known as paraphrasing. You must also cite any sources you paraphrase. Fuller guidance on approved referencing techniques can be found in the Good Writing Guides on the web at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/socsci/about/course.php
Course Reading
The readings listed are suggestions. When preparing essays I strongly suggest that you read as many of the ESSENTIAL and HIGHLY RECOMMENDED readings as possible. You can obviously refer to other relevant readings/sources you find in the course of carrying out your own research on the topic!
Course Text Book – strongly recommended that you purchase this book as the chapters of this text are essential reading:
Holmes, M (2007) What is Gender? Sociological Approaches****. London: Sage
INTRODUCTION: HOW DIFFERENT ARE FEMALES AND MALES?
Essential:
Fausto-Sterling, Ann (2002) ‘Five Sexes…’ in Williams, C. and Stein, A. (eds) Sexuality and Gender. Malden: Blackwell.
Holmes, M (2007) ‘How different are women and men’ in What is Gender? Sociological Approaches. London: Sage pp. 18-39 (Chapter 2)
Highly Recommended:
Birke, Lynda (1999) Feminism and the Biological Body. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Blackless, Melanie et al (2000) ‘How Sexually Dimorphic are We? Review and Synthesis, American Journal of Human Biology , 12: 151-
Cealey Harrison, Wendy and Hood-Williams, John (2002) ‘The Truth is Slippery Stuff’ in Beyond Sex and Gender. London: Sage. pp. 117-140.
Connell, R. W. (2002) ‘Differences and Bodies’ pp 28-52 in Gender. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Eagly, Alice, (1995) ‘The Science and Politics of Comparing Women and Men’, American Psychologist , 50(3): 145-
Epstein, Cynthia ‘Similarity and Difference. The Sociology of Gender Distinctions’, in Chafetz, Janet (2006) Handbook of the Sociology of Gender. New York: Springer, pp. 45-
Fausto-Sterling, A. (1998) ‘How to Build a Man’ in Kimmel, M. and Messner, M. (eds) (1998), Men’s Lives. London: Allyn and Bacon.
Fujimura, J (2006) ‘Sex Genes: A Critical Sociomaterial Approach to the Politics and Molecular Genetics of Sex Determination’, Signs , 32(1): 49-
Gatens, Moira (1991), ‘A Critique of the Sex/Gender Distinction’ in S. Gunew (ed.) A Reader in Feminist Knowledge , London: Routledge.
Goffman, Erving (1977) ‘The Arrangement between the Sexes’, Theory and Society , 4(3): 301-331.
Gross, Harriet (1979) ‘Considering “A Biosocial Perspective on Parenting”’, Signs , 4(4): 695-717 (This article is a summary of different responses to Alice Rossi’s article – see below for reference)
Kennelly, Ivy et al (2001) ‘What is Gender?’, American Sociological Review , 66 (4): 598-
Kessler, Suzanne J. and McKenna, Wendy (1978) Gender: an ethnomethodological approach. Wiley: New York.
Klein, A. (1993), ‘Introduction’ in Little Big Men: Bodybuilding, subculture and gender construction , Albany, New York: State University of New York Press
Leibowitz, Lila (1975) ‘Perspectives on the Evolution of Sex Differences’ pp 20-35 in R. R. Reiter (ed) Toward and Anthropology of Women. New York and London: Monthly Review Press.
Moore, Henrietta (1994), ‘Sex, Gender and Sexual Difference’ in Feminist Review 47, pp 78-95.
Nicholson, John (1984) Women and Men: How Different Are They? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Peterson, Alan (1998), ‘Sexing the Body: Representations of Sex Differences in Gray’s Anatomy , 1858 to the Present’ in Body and Society 4(1): 1-15.
Scott, S. and D. Morgan (1993) Body Matters: Essays on the Sociology of the Body. London: The Falmer Press.
IS GENDER SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED OR IS IT SOMETHING THAT WE DO?
Essential:
Holmes, M (2007) ‘Is gender something that we do?’ in What is Gender? London: Sage pp. 40-62 (Chap 3)
West, C. and Zimmerman D (1987) ‘Doing Gender’, Gender and Society , 1(2): 125-
Highly Recommended:
Cealey Harrison, W and Hood-Williams, J (2002) Beyond Sex and Gender. London: Sage. (Chapter 3 ‘Unpicking the Knot’ pp. 32-51)
de Beauvoir, S. (1988), ‘Part I: Destiny’ in The Second Sex. London: Pan. Any edition will do.
Garfinkel, H (1967) ‘Passing and the Managed Achievement of Sex Status in an Intersexed Person’ and ‘Appendix’ in Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, pp 116-185 & 285-
Gatens, Moira (1991), ‘A Critique of the Sex/Gender Distinction’ in S. Gunew (ed.) A Reader in Feminist Knowledge , London: Routledge.
Goffman, Erving (1979) Gender Advertisements. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Jackson, S. (1998) ‘Theorising Gender and Sexuality’ in Jackson, S. & Jones, J. (eds) Contemporary Feminist Theories. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 131-146.
Jackson, S and Scott, S (2002) (eds.) Gender. A Sociological Reader. London: Routledge (See articles in Part 1 – ‘Gender and Knowledge’ and Part 5 ‘Becoming Gendered’)
Kessler, Suzanne J and McKenna, Wendy (1978) Gender: an ethnomethodological approach. Wiley: New York.
Kimmel, Michael, (2004) The Gendered Society. New York: Oxford University Press. (Chapter 5 ‘Inequality and Difference: The Social Construction of Gender Relations, pp. 93-113)
Myers, K. A., C. D. Anderson, B. J. Risman (eds.) (1998), Feminist Foundations: Toward Transforming Sociology. London: Sage. See Part Three.
Oakley, Ann (1972/1985) Sex, Gender and Society Aldershot: Gower.
Oakley, Ann (1997), ‘A Brief History of Gender’ in A. Oakley and J. Mitchell (eds.) Who’s Afraid of Feminism? Seeing through the backlash , London: Hamish Hamilton.
Pilgeram, R (2007) ‘Ass-Kicking’ Women: Doing and Undoing Gender in a US Livestock Auction’, Gender, Work and Organization , 14(6): 572-
Tripp, A (2000) (ed.) Gender , Hampshire, Palgrave (especially chapters 9-12)
Tyler, M and Abbott, P (1998) ‘Chocs Away: Weight Watching in the Contemporary Airline Industry’, Sociology , 32(3): 433-
West, C and Fenstermaker, S (1995) ‘Doing Difference’, Gender and Society , 9(1): 8-37.
Zinn M et al (2005) Gender through the Prism of Difference. 3 rd^ Edition. New York: Oxford University Press (especially Part 1: Perspectives on Sex, Gender, and Difference, see also Chapter 12).
Recommended:
Brownmiller, S. (1984) Femininity. New York: Fawcett Columbine. A classic, but of its time
Chafetz, J. S. (1998), ‘From Sex/Gender Roles to Gender Stratification: From Victim Blame to System Blame’ in Myers, K A, C D Anderson and B J Risman (1998), Feminist Foundations: Towards Transforming Sociology. London: Sage.
Connell, R. W. (1995), ‘The Science of Masculinity’ and ‘The Social Organisation of Masculinity’ in Masculinities , Cambridge: Polity Press.
Connell, R. W. (1987) Gender and Power: Society, the Person and Sexual Politics , Stanford, Stanford University Press.
Kimmel, M. and Messner, M. (1998) ‘Introduction’ in Men’s Lives. London: Allyn and Bacon.
Ortner, Sherry, (1974), ‘Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture?’ in M. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere (eds.), Woman, Culture and Society , Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Segal, L. (1990), Slow Motion: Changing masculinities, changing men , London: Virago Press.
Smith, Greg (1996) ‘Gender Advertisements Revisited: A Visual Sociology Classic’ Electronic Journal of Sociology http://www.sociology.org/content/vol002.001/smith.html
KEY APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING GENDER
Essential:
Holmes, M (2007) ‘How Can Gender Best be Explained?’ in What is Gender? London: Sage pp. 63- (Chap 4)
Jackson, S (1998) ‘Feminist Social Theory’, in Jackson, S and Jones, J (eds.) Contemporary Feminist Theories. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 12-
Highly Recommended:
Abbott, Pamela and Wallace, Claire & Tyler, Melissa, (2005) (3rd^ ed.) An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives London: Routledge.
Barry, P (2002) Beginning Theory. An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester. Manchester University Press.
Bonner, F. et al (1992), ‘Introduction’ Imagining Women: Cultural Representations and Gender , Cambridge: Polity: OU.
Chaplin, Elizabeth (1994), Sociology and Visual Representation , London and New York: Routledge
Collins, Patricia Hill, (1990), Black Feminist Thought; Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment , London: Routledge. Also see extract in Myers, K. A., C. D. Anderson, B. J. Risman (eds.) (1998), Feminist Foundations: Toward Transforming Sociology. London: Sage.
Connell, R. W. (1995) ‘The Social Organisation of Masculinity’ in Masculinities , Cambridge: Polity Press.
Connell, R and Messerschmidt, J (2005) ‘Hegemonic Masculinity. Rethinking the Concept’, Gender and Society , 19(6): 829-859.
Evans, Judith (1995) Feminist Theory Today An Introduction to Second-Wave Feminism. London: Sage.
Evans, Mary (1997), ‘Representation’ in Introducing Contemporary Feminist Thought , Cambridge: Polity.
Flax, Jane (1997) ‘Postmodernism and Gender Relations in Feminist Theory’ in Kemp, S, and Squires, J. (eds) Feminisms , Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Feminist Theory (2000) 1(1) and 1(2): See the ‘Interchanges’ sections.
Grosz, E. A. (1988) ‘The in(ter)vention of feminist knowledges’ in B. Caine, E. A. Grosz, & M. De Lepervanche (eds) Crossing Boundaries: Feminists and the Critique of Knowledges. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.
Jenks, C. (ed.) (1998) Core Sociological Dichotomies. London: Sage.
Kimmel, M. and Messner, M. (2001) or (1998) ‘Introduction’ in Men’s Lives. London: Allyn and Bacon.
Mac an Gahill, M. (1996) Understanding Masculinities: social relations and cultural arenas. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Nicholson, Linda J (ed), (1990) Feminism/postmodernism New York: Routledge.
Nixon, Sean (1997), ‘Exhibiting Masculinity’ in S. Hall (ed.) Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices , London: Sage/OU
Ortner, Sherry, (1974), ‘Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture?’ in M. Rosaldo and L. Lamphere (eds.), Woman, Culture and Society , Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Owen, David (ed.)(1997), Sociology after Postmodernism. London: Sage_._
Roseneil, S (1995), ‘The coming of age of feminist sociology: Some issues of practice and theory for the next twenty years’ in British Journal of Sociology 46 (2): 191-205.
Seidman, S. (1994), ‘The New Social Movements and the Making of New Social Knowledges’ in Contested Knowledge: Social Theory in the Postmodern Era. Oxford: Blackwell.
Stanley, L. and Wise, S. (2000) ‘But the empress has no clothes! Some awkward questions about the ‘missing revolution’ in feminist theory’ Feminist Theory 1(3): 261-288.
Wilkinson, S. and C. Kitzinger (eds.) (1996), Representing the Other , London: Sage. Especially the introduction, select what you find interesting from the rest.
HOW EQUAL ARE WOMEN AND MEN NOW?
Essential:
Holmes, M (2007) ‘Introduction to the Sociology of Gender’, in What is Gender? London: Sage. pp. 1- (Chap 1)
Walby, S. 1996. ‘Introduction’ Gender Transformations. London: Routledge, pp. 1-21.
Highly Recommended:
Abbott, Pamela and Wallace, Claire & Tyler, Melissa, (2005) (3rd^ ed.) An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives London: Routledge.
Acker, Joan (2006) ‘Inequality Regimes. Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations’, Gender and Society , 20(4): 441-464.
Chafetz, J (2006) Handbook of the Sociology of Gender. New York: Springer.
Collins, Patricia Hill, (1990), Black Feminist Thought; Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment , London: Routledge. Also extract in Myers, K. A., C. D. Anderson, B. J. Risman (eds.) (1998), Feminist Foundations: Toward Transforming Sociology. London: Sage.
Connell, R. W. (2002) Gender. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Connell, R. W. (1995) ‘The Social Organisation of Masculinity’ in Masculinities , Cambridge: Polity Press.
Jackson, S and Scott, S (2002) (eds.) Gender. A Sociological Reader. London: Routledge (See articles in Part 2 – ‘Class, Gender and the Labour Market’ and Part 3 – ‘Paid and Unpaid Work’)
Kimmel, M. (2000) The Gendered Society. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. Parts II and III.
Lorber, J. (2000) ‘Using Gender to Undo gender’ Feminist Theory 1(1): 79-95.
Salzinger, L (2003) Genders in Production: making workers in Mexico’s Global Factories. Berkley: University of California Press
Segal, L. (1990), Slow Motion: Changing masculinities, changing men , London: Virago Press.
Walby, S. 1996. Gender Transformations. London: Routledge.
Walby, S (2005) Introduction: Comparative Gender Mainstreaming in A Global Era’, International Feminist Journal of Politics , 7(4): 453-470. (Special Issue – some other articles in this journal may also be of interest)
Zinn M et al (2005) Gender through the Prism of Difference. 3 rd^ Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Additional Resources: e.g. web sites and reports
Engender: An information, research and networking organisation for women in Scotland. http://www.engender.org.uk/index.html
Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (2006) ‘Facts about Women and Men in Great Britain’, http://www.eoc.org.uk/pdf/facts_about_GB_2006.pdf
Equality and Human Rights Commission – Oct 2007 http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/pages/eocdrccre.asx
Messner, M. A. (1997) Politics of masculinities: men in movements. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Seidler, V. J. (1991), Recreating Sexual Politics: Men, Feminism and Politics. London: Routledge. Especially Ch 1, 3 and 11.
Whelehan, Imelda, (1995), ‘Sites of Fissure: Putting the Politics of the Personal to the Test’ In I. Whelehan, Modern Feminist Thought: From the Second Wave to Post-Feminism , Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Whelehan, Imelda, (1995), ‘Men in Feminism’ in I. Whelehan, Modern Feminist Thought: From the Second Wave to Post-Feminism , Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Yuval-Davis, Nira (1997), ‘Women, Ethnicity and Empowerment’ in A. Oakley and J. Mitchell (eds) Who’s Afraid of Feminism: Seeing Through the Backlash. London: Hamish Hamilton.
Zinn M et al (2005) Gender through the Prism of Difference. 3 rd^ Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Recommended:
Briskin, Linda (1990), ‘Identity Politics and the Hierarchy of Oppression: A Comment’ in Feminist Review 35, Summer.
Dean, J. (1997), Feminism and the New Democracy: Resiting the Political. London: Sage. Chapters 7 and 8.
De Lauretis, T. 1990. ‘Upping the Anti (sic) in Feminist Theory’ in M. Hirsch and E. Fox Keller (eds), Conflicts in Feminism. New York: Routledge.
hooks, bell (1997) ‘Black Women and Feminism’ in Kemp, S and Squires, J (eds) Feminisms , Oxford: Oxford University Press.
hooks, bell (1992), ‘Loving Blackness as Political Resistance’ in Black Looks: Race and Representation , London: Turnaround Ltd.
Kimmel, M. and Messner, M. (eds) (1998), Men’s Lives. London: Allyn and Bacon. Part ten.
Laclau, E. and C. Mouffe (1985), ‘Introduction’ in Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. London: Verso
Mouffe, Chantal (1992), ‘Feminism, Citizenship and Radical Democratic Politics’ in J. Butler and J. Scott (eds.), Feminists Theorize the Political , New York: Routledge.
Millett, Kate (1971), Sexual Politics. London: Hart-Davis. Any other edition will do – this is a classic. Ch 2 most relevant.
Mills, C. Wright (1970), ‘The Promise’ in The Sociological Imagination , Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Mitchell, J. and Oakley, A. (eds) (1986) What is Feminism? Oxford: Blackwell.
Myers, K A, C D Anderson and B J Risman (1998), Feminist Foundations: Towards Transforming Sociology. London: Sage. Ch 15 and reflection by J. Johnson.
Preston, P W (1997), Political/Cultural Identity : Citizens and Nations in a Global Era , London: Sage.
Scott, Sue, and Morgan, David (eds) (1993) Body matters: essays on the sociology of the body. London: Falmer.
Segal, L. (1990), ‘Beyond Gender Hierarchy: Can Men Change?’ in Slow Motion: Changing masculinities, changing men , London: Virago Press.
Seidman, S. (1994), ‘The New Social Movements and the Making of New Social Knowledges’ in Contested Knowledge: Social Theory in the Postmodern Era. Oxford: Blackwell.
Young, I. (1991) Justice and the Politics of Difference. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Young, I (1997) ‘The Ideal of Impartiality and the Civic Public’ in Kemp, S and Squires, J (eds) Feminisms , Oxford: Oxford University Press.
WHAT ARE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GENDER AND OTHER INEQUALITIES?
Essential:
Mohanty, C. T. ‘Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses’, in Tripp, A (2000) (ed.) Gender , Hampshire, Palgrave, pp. 51-71.
Holmes, M (2007) ‘How is Gender Intertwined with Class?’, or ‘How is Gender Intertwined with ‘Race’? In What is Gender? London: Sage (Chap 7 or 8)
Highly Recommended:
Acker, Joan (2006) ‘Inequality Regimes. Gender, Class, and Race in Organizations’, Gender and Society , 20(4): 441-464.
Adib, A and Guerrier, (2003) ‘The Interlocking of Gender with Nationality, Race, Ethnicity and Class: the narratives of women in hotel work’, Gender, Work and Organization , 10(4): 413-432.
Andersen, Margaret and Hill-Collins, Patricia (1992) Race, Class and Gender: An Anthology. Belmont Wadsworth.
Chancer, L and Watkins, B (2006) Gender, Race, and Class. An Overview. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
Connell, R. W. (1995), Masculinities , Cambridge: Polity Press. Esp. ch. 4.
Delphy, Christine (1984) ‘Introduction to the Collection’ in Close to Home: A Materialist Analysis of Women’s Oppression. London: Hutchinson.
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Essential:
Hood-Williams, J and Harrison, W (1998) ‘Trouble with Gender’, The Sociological Review , 46(1): 73-94.
Salih, S (2002) ‘Gender’, in Judith Butler , London: Routledge, pp. 43-71.
Wilchins, R (2004) ‘Derrida and the Politics of Meaning’, in Queer Theory, Gender Theory , Los Angeles, pp. 33-45.
Highly Recommended:
Ahmed, Sara, (1999) ‘“She’ll Wake up One of These Days and Find She’s Turned into a Nigger”: passing though hybridity’, Theory, Culture and Society , 16(2): 87-106.
Barry, P (2002) Beginning Theory. An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester. Manchester University Press.
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Butler, J., (1990) ‘Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire’ in Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity , London: Routledge.
Butler, Judith (1990), Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity , London: Routledge. See also extract pp 278-85 in Kemp, S and Squires, J Feminisms. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Butler, Judith (1993), ‘Introduction’ pp 1-23 from Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. London: Routledge.
Butler, J (1999) ‘Revisiting Bodies and Pleasure’, Theory, Culture and Society , 16(2): 11-20.
Gauntlett, D (2002) ‘Queer Theory and Fluid Identities’ in Media, Gender and Identity , London: Routledge pp. 134-
Hall, Stuart (ed.) (1997), Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices , London: Sage/OU. Especially Ch. 1 and particularly pp 30-5.
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- Critique of Butler.
Irigaray, Luce (1988), ‘The Power of Discourse and the Subordination of the Feminine’ in This Sex Which is Not One , Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press
Jackson, S. & Jones, J. (eds) (1998) Contemporary Feminist Theories. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Especially chapters 7, 8, 9 and 10.
Malson, H and Swann, C (2003) ‘Re-producing ‘woman’s’ body: reflections on the (dis)place(ments) of ‘reproduction’ for (post)modern women’, Journal of Gender Studies , 12(3): 191-
Riley, D. ‘Am I That Name…’ pp 241-6 in Kemp, S and Squires, J Feminisms. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Salih, S (2002) Judith Butler. London: Routledge.
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Stanley, L. ‘Recovering Women in History from Feminist Deconstruction’ pp 274-277 in Kemp, S and Squires, J (1997) Feminisms. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Van Lenning, A, (2004) ‘The Body as Crowbar. Transcending or Stretching Sex’, Feminist Theory , 5(1): 25-47.
Weedon, C (1997) Feminist Practice and Poststructualist Theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Wilchins, R (2004) Queer Theory, Gender Theory. Los Angeles: Alyson Books
Zalewski, M (2000) Feminism After Postmodenism: Theorising Through Practice. London: Routledge.
Recommended:
Butler, Judith (1995) ‘For a Careful Reading’ pp 127-143 in Benhabib, S, Butler, J; Cornell, D and Fraser, N, Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange. London: Routledge.
Butler, Judith (1997), ‘Performative Acts and Gender Constitutions: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory’ in Conboy, K; Medina, N and Stanbury, S, Writing on the body: female embodiment and feminist theory. New York: Columbia University Press.
