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Goals of qualitative research
understand WHY individuals behave a certain wayPERSPECTIVE of the participantsMEANING they assign to their experiencesIN-DEPTH case study to evaluate a relatively of small number of people TERM 2
Types of quality research
DEFINITION 2 Ethnographyphenomenologygrounded theory TERM 3
What is
ethnography
DEFINITION 3 work of describing a culture or ways of life within a cultureHuman behavior in the culture context which it is embeddedex)ethnically themed college dormitory to understand how institutions like universities and the students deal with difference TERM 4
What is phenomenology
DEFINITION 4 uses essences to describe lived experiencesmeaning of lived experiences described by participants TERM 5
What is grounded theory
DEFINITION 5 social process of a groupused in areas where little is known or a new perspective is neededb/c the theory emerges naturally from the data, it is said to be grounded in the data
What are the tests of quality
credibilitydependabilitytransferability TERM 7
What is credibility
DEFINITION 7 refers to accuracyDescription must be plausible and recognized by participants TERM 8
what is dependability
DEFINITION 8 refers to the stability and trackability of the changes in data over timeWant to determine the extent to which another researcher with similar training and rapport with participants would make the same observations TERM 9
what is transferability
DEFINITION 9 **hardestrefers to the generalizability of the study findings to other settings, populations, and contextsReport must provide sufficient detail so that readers can assess this TERM 10
What is descriptive stats.
DEFINITION 10 summarizes large amounts of "raw" data to facilitate interpretationFrequency distributionscentral tendencyvariability
Type II
error
Accepting the null, when in fact it is FALSE*you say there is NOT a relationship when there is one TERM 17
4 Observational approaches
DEFINITION 17 naturalistic, systematic, case studies, archival TERM 18
Naturalistic observation
DEFINITION 18 researcher makes observation in particular natrural setting over an extended period of time.goal:provide a complete and accurate pic, rather than test hypothesis TERM 19
Systematic observation
DEFINITION 19 careful observation of one of more specific behaviors in a particular settinggoal: test more specific hypothesis on quantifiable behaviors TERM 20
Case studies
DEFINITION 20 an intensive analysis of an individual unit stressing development factors in relation to context.
Archival research
using previously compiled information to answer research questionsex) stat records, survey archives, records TERM 22
6 classifications of observational methods
DEFINITION 22 Participant vs nonparticipantdisguised vs undisguisednatural vs contrivedstructured vs unstructureddirect vs indirecthuman vs mechanical TERM 23
Participant vs nonparticipant
DEFINITION 23 depends on whether researcher chooses to be part of the situation they are studying TERM 24
disguised vs undisguised
DEFINITION 24 depends on where the subjects being studied can detect the observation TERM 25
natural vs
contrived
DEFINITION 25 natural or contrived settingsdepends on the degree to which the situation to be observed will be "set up"
socially based
behaviors that are culturally defined. observer is a "culture informant"ex) being happy, having fun, being sad. TERM 32
Advantages of observational research
DEFINITION 32 captures what they do, rather than sayactual, not self reporting"real time"doesn't rely on memory TERM 33
Disadvantages of observational research
DEFINITION 33 time consuminglabor intensiveexpensiveobservers may not be suited to generalization TERM 34
Observer influence
DEFINITION 34 being observed can alter a person's behaviorways to reducedisguise observationuse participant observation TERM 35
Observer bias
DEFINITION 35 expectations of the observer can BIAS the results of the study towards what was the hypothesisways to minimize develop specific definitions to categorize behaviorsblinding observer about hypothesis
Null hypothesis (Ho)
NO relation between the variables or no differences between groups TERM 37
Alternative hypothesis (h1)
DEFINITION 37 there is a relationship between the variables or differences between groups**always want to reject the null=statistically significant TERM 38
Cross sectional
DEFINITION 38 developmental research method in which persons of different ages are studied at one point in timecan be from multiple cohortsAd-cost-effective, completed quickly, sample many particpants without having to follow up on themdisad- confounded between age and cohort TERM 39
Longitudinal
DEFINITION 39 developmental research method in which the same persons are observed repeatedly as they grow olderad-measure change, development or stability over timedisad-long time, expensive, samples, confound age, time of meaurment TERM 40
Sequential designs
DEFINITION 40 combines cross sectional, longitudinal. and time-lag designsdifferentiate between age, cohort, and time of measurement effectsad-
