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PHI2000 Final Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts in Philosophy and Ethics, Exams of Science education

Virginia State University (VSU)Science education

This phi2000 study guide covers philosophy's core concepts: mind/body problem, monism, dualism, Ockham's razor, and qualia. It includes Aquinas' five arguments, Anselm's ontological argument, Hume's problem of evil, and ethical theories from Kant, Hobbes, and Bentham. Key terms like eudaimonia, virtue/vice, and the golden mean are defined, offering a philosophical overview. Designed for exam preparation and further study, it clarifies fundamental principles and arguments. This resource aids students in understanding philosophical concepts and ethical theories, providing definitions and explanations of complex ideas, covering metaphysics, metaethics, normative and practical ethics. Key figures like Aquinas, Anselm, Hume, Kant, Hobbes, Aristotle, and Bentham are featured.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 08/12/2025

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Final Exam - PHI2000 - Fenner/Wilson,.
Mind/Body Problem - correct answer Determining the relations between the mind
and brain and what they consist of
Monism (M/BP) - correct answer One kind of "stuff" in the world
Dualism (M/BP) - correct answer Physical body and immaterial substances (i.e.,
soul)
Ockham's Razor (M/BP) - correct answer If one can account for everything in the
world with one type of "stuff," anything else is superfluous
Qualia (M/BP) - correct answer Subjective labor of experience; qualitative nature
of experiencing (i.e., blueness of blue)
Aquinas' Five Arguments - correct answer Teleological
Causal
Motion
Contingent/Necessity
Teleological (Aquinas) - correct answer Concept of intelligent design (the world is
so complicated; need intelligence to design)
Causal (Aquinas) - correct answer Everything that happens has a cause (current
state must have something that caused it)
Motion (Aquinas) - correct answer Everything in motion was put in motion by
some unmoved mover
Contingent/Necessity (Aquinas) - correct answer Everything is contingent on
something
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pf4

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Download PHI2000 Final Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts in Philosophy and Ethics and more Exams Science education in PDF only on Docsity!

Final Exam - PHI2000 - Fenner/Wilson,.

Mind/Body Problem - correct answer Determining the relations between the mind and brain and what they consist of Monism (M/BP) - correct answer One kind of "stuff" in the world Dualism (M/BP) - correct answer Physical body and immaterial substances (i.e., soul) Ockham's Razor (M/BP) - correct answer If one can account for everything in the world with one type of "stuff," anything else is superfluous Qualia (M/BP) - correct answer Subjective labor of experience; qualitative nature of experiencing (i.e., blueness of blue) Aquinas' Five Arguments - correct answer Teleological Causal Motion Contingent/Necessity Teleological (Aquinas) - correct answer Concept of intelligent design (the world is so complicated; need intelligence to design) Causal (Aquinas) - correct answer Everything that happens has a cause (current state must have something that caused it) Motion (Aquinas) - correct answer Everything in motion was put in motion by some unmoved mover Contingent/Necessity (Aquinas) - correct answer Everything is contingent on something

Anselm's Ontological Argument - correct answer P1: God is that which no greater being can be conceived P2: God exists in the imagination P3: It is better to exist in reality than imagination C: God exists Hume's Problem of Evil - correct answer 4 propositions that cannot all be true 1: Evil exists 2: God is omnipotent 3: God is omnibenevolent 4: God is omniscient Hume's Critique of Teleological Theory - correct answer Evident natural evils (i.e., hurricanes), so there is a flaw in the design. Ergo, God could not be a perfect creator Four Parts of Ethics/Ethical System - correct answer Metaphysics Metaethics Normative Ethics Practical Ethics Metaphysics - correct answer Nature of reality Metaethics - correct answer Defining moral predicates (what is good/bad) Normative Ethics - correct answer Basic rules of an ethical system Practical Ethics - correct answer Applying one's moral rules in one's life Absolutism - correct answer For every moral question, there is only one right answer

Virtue/Vice (Aristotle) - correct answer Behavioral state that prompts one to perform a good or bad act Development/Education of Virtues/Vices (Aristotle) - correct answer Habituated through one's environment, society, parents, etc. The Golden Mean - correct answer Evil/Vice--------Virtue--------Rashness/Vice Bentham's Utilitarianism - correct answer Maximize utilities (things that serve you, in this case, goodness) Good = pleasure Bentham's Hedonic Calculus - correct answer Determines what is good/pleasurable Name the seven parts of Bentham's Hedonic Calculus. - correct answer Intensity, Duration, Proximity, Probability, Fecundity, Purity, Social Extent Aristotle's Definition of Goodness - correct answer Object is functional as an object of its kind; based on highest functionality Kant's Definition of Goodness - correct answer Good will Hobbes' Definition of Goodness - correct answer Self-interest Bentham's Definition of Goodness - correct answer Pleasure Divine Command Theory's Definition of Goodness - correct answer Whatever God says is good Relativism - correct answer For every moral question, there is more than one right answer Individual, Community, Cultural, Species