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A set of practice questions and solutions for a microeconomics final exam. It covers various topics including consumer behavior, production, market structures, and game theory. The questions are designed to test understanding of key concepts and their application in real-world scenarios. Useful for students preparing for a microeconomics final exam.
Typology: Exercises
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A. Multiple Choice
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before trade A 90 $ 30/unit 30 B 80 $ 20/unit 20 C 30 $ 10/unit 70 If trade of permits is allowed among the firms, then A will buy permits from C and B will buy permits from. Note that highest cost firm (which is A) will buy permits from lowest cost firm first. The maximum permits it needs is 90 (to be able to pollute what it was polluting initially). Since it already has 30, it will buy 60 from C. Then B will buy remaining 10 from C (note available permits with C for sale is only 10).
c) Assuming there is no change in demand or in the firms’ cost curves, explain what will happen in the long run to the price of fertilizer, marginal cost, average total cost, the quantity supplied by each firm, and the total quantity supplied to the market. Since every firm is suffering economic loss, a few of them will exit the market in the long run. As a result, S curve in the market will shit to the left until P rises to min AC. Once P = Min AC, firms make zero profit in the long run equilibrium. As P is higher MC is higher (note P = MC). But note that MC curve does not shift! AVC will also increase and quantity supplied by each firm also increases. However total Q in the market will decrease.
a) If the company was to build the bridge, what would be its profit-maximizing price? Would that be the efficient level of output? Why or why not? With P = 4, R = 4*400,000 = 1.6 million (Note this is the best the company can do). Profits = 1.6 – 2 = - 0.4 (loss). This is not efficient as efficiency calls for P = MC = 0 (in this question). Note that if MC is positive then profit maximizing P will not be 4. Assume MC = 1, and try what would be the new profit maximizing P. b) If the company is interested in maximizing profit, should it build the bridge? What would be its profit or loss? Since the company suffers loss = 0.4 m, it should not build the bridge (given the demand) c) If the government was to build the bridge, what price should it charge? The government’s objective is to maximize total surplus which is achievable by having P = MC = 0 (note when P = MC, total surplus is maximized). d) Should the government build the bridge? Explain. This depends on the value derived by the commuters by cross the bridge. If the value of 800,000 crossings is higher than the total cost of building the bridge = 2 million, the govt should build the bridge.