Microeconomics Practice Questions for the Final, Exercises of Economics

A set of practice questions and solutions for a microeconomics final exam. It covers various topics including consumer behavior, production, market structures, and game theory. The questions are designed to test understanding of key concepts and their application in real-world scenarios. Useful for students preparing for a microeconomics final exam.

Typology: Exercises

2023/2024

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Microeconomics Practice Questions for the Final
Solutions
A. Multiple Choice
1. Assume that you derive $20 worth of benefits from playing a game for 1 hour and $35
from playing for 2 hours and so forth as shown below. The price for each hour of play is
$7.
Hours Total Benefits Total costs
1 20 7
2 35 14
3 45 21
4 50 28
For how many hours would you play the game?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3 (The benefit from 4th hour is $5 whereas price is $7)
D. 4
2. In the example of Q1, if your parents restrict you to play the game for only 1 hour, what is
the deadweight loss caused by this restriction?
A. 8
B. 3
C. 11 (The loss from 2nd hour = 15 – 7 and third hour = 10 – 7)
D. 13
3. A medical clinic has 10 workers. Each worker can produce a maximum of either 2 units of
medical services or 5 units of secretarial services a day. One day, the firm decides it would
like to produce 10 units of medical services and 30 units of secretarial services. This output
level is
A. Attainable if the firm reduces the number of its workers.
B. Efficient.
C. Unattainable. (10 med services need 5 workers; the remaining 5 workers can produce
25 secretarial services)
D. Inefficient.
4. The price of tomatoes at a local market will fall because of the following event
A. A hailstorm that destroys one half of the tomatoes just ready for harvest.
B. A news report of one medical study suggesting tomatoes cure certain illnesses.
C. A summer of prime tomato-growing weather resulting in a large harvest of tomatoes.
D. A strike by farm workers resulting in higher wages for harvesting tomatoes.
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Microeconomics Practice Questions for the Final

Solutions

A. Multiple Choice

  1. Assume that you derive $20 worth of benefits from playing a game for 1 hour and $ from playing for 2 hours and so forth as shown below. The price for each hour of play is $7. Hours Total Benefits Total costs 1 20 7 2 35 14 3 45 21 4 50 28 For how many hours would you play the game? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 (The benefit from 4 th^ hour is $5 whereas price is $7) D. 4
  2. In the example of Q1, if your parents restrict you to play the game for only 1 hour, what is the deadweight loss caused by this restriction? A. 8 B. 3 C. 11 (The loss from 2 nd^ hour = 15 – 7 and third hour = 10 – 7) D. 13
  3. A medical clinic has 10 workers. Each worker can produce a maximum of either 2 units of medical services or 5 units of secretarial services a day. One day, the firm decides it would like to produce 10 units of medical services and 30 units of secretarial services. This output level is A. Attainable if the firm reduces the number of its workers. B. Efficient. C. Unattainable. (10 med services need 5 workers; the remaining 5 workers can produce 25 secretarial services) D. Inefficient.
  4. The price of tomatoes at a local market will fall because of the following event A. A hailstorm that destroys one half of the tomatoes just ready for harvest. B. A news report of one medical study suggesting tomatoes cure certain illnesses. C. A summer of prime tomato-growing weather resulting in a large harvest of tomatoes. D. A strike by farm workers resulting in higher wages for harvesting tomatoes.
  1. When Apple Inc. increases its price by 10%, its revenue decreases by 7%, then Apple Inc. must be operating at A. The elastic portion of the demand curve. (When P increases, Q decreases. For R to decrease, % decrease in Q must be higher than % increase in P. B. The inelastic portion of the demand curve. C. The unit elastic portion of the demand curve. D. The completely elastic portion of the demand curve.
  2. If RCMP cracks down the drug dealers in East Vancouver, the drug related crime is likely to fall (assuming incidence of crime depends on the expenses on drugs) only if A. Demand for drug is inelastic. B. Elastic or inelastic depending on the situation. C. Demand curve shifts to the left. D. Demand for drug is elastic. (drug use will fall more when D is elastic when P increases)
  3. Consider the following total revenue and total variable cost curves of a firm operating in a perfectly competitive market with price P given. Which of the following statements is correct: Price Total Variable Cost Total Revenue Quantity A. The firm will make zero profits if it chooses to produce zero units. B. This firm has no fixed costs. C. This firm will always choose to produce zero units. D. If the firm has no fixed costs it will choose to produce zero units. Based on the information, we don’t know if FC = 0 or not. If R < VC, then it is always better to shut down/exit as producing will lead to loss.
  4. Which of the following would decrease quantity demanded, decrease supply, and increase the price that consumers pay? A. The imposition of binding price floor. B. The removal of binding price floor. C. The imposition of tax on producers. (shifts S to the left along the D curve) D. The imposition of price on consumers.
  1. Assume the following profile for two consumers and one firm selling both drinks and burgers. The marginal costs of production of both goods are zero. Then Reservation prices Burger Drink Jennifer 5 1. Lisa 3 3 A. a profit-maximizing bundling price is $6 and profits = $12. B. a profit-maximizing bundling price is $6.50 and profits = $13. C. a profit maximizing bundling price is $6 and profits = $12.5. D. a profit-maximizing bundling price is $6.50 and profits = $6.50.
  2. Which of the following statements about monopoly is correct? A. A monopolist, facing a downward sloping demand curve, maximizes its profits by producing a quantity where P = MR = MC. B. A monopolist's profit maximizing price decreases with the MC of production. C. If a monopolist's MC is zero, it produces where its revenue is maximized. (MR = MC = 0; when MR = 0, R is maximized) D. A monopolist maximizes profits in the inelastic portion of its demand curve.
  3. If society wishes to reduce overall pollution by a certain amount, which of the following reasons supports why it's efficient to have different amounts of reduction at different firms? A. The costs of reducing pollution are the same across firms. B. Firms with the highest profit should bear the largest burden of reducing pollution. C. The costs of reducing pollution differ across firms. D. All firms should be allowed to produce some pollution.
  4. Given the following payoff matrix, for what value of X, (Don’t Take, Take Drug) is the Nash equilibrium? Player 2 Take Drug Don’t Take Player 1 Take Drug 10 – X, 10 8, 4 Don’t Take 4, 8 9, 4 A. X < 6 B. X > 4 C. X < 4 D. X > 6 (P2 has Take Drug as dominant strategy. For P1 to play Don’t take 4 > 10 – X or X > 6).

Fill in the Blanks

  1. The demand for a good is given by: P = 10 – Q. A monopolist’s marginal costs are given by: MC=4. Suppose a single price monopolist controls the market for this good. Then the monopolist’s optimal price = and quantity =. Use MR = MC. Note that MR = 10 -2Q (twice the slope of demand curve). 10 – 2Q = 4 yields Q = 3 and from demand curve P = 10 – 3 = $7.
  2. There are three industrial polluting firms in a town as below: Firms Initial Pollution Pollution control cost

of permits

before trade A 90 $ 30/unit 30 B 80 $ 20/unit 20 C 30 $ 10/unit 70 If trade of permits is allowed among the firms, then A will buy permits from C and B will buy permits from. Note that highest cost firm (which is A) will buy permits from lowest cost firm first. The maximum permits it needs is 90 (to be able to pollute what it was polluting initially). Since it already has 30, it will buy 60 from C. Then B will buy remaining 10 from C (note available permits with C for sale is only 10).

  1. A natural monopoly enjoys barriers to entry due to Economies of Scale in production.
  2. The following game is an example of Prisoner’s Dilemma game. COKE High Low PEPSI High Low
  3. In 1987, several Quebec driving schools colluded to fix the price of driving school services and held almost 94% of the market. Shortly after the agreement, many of them broke off. In response the major players punished the renegade competitors by charging lower prices (than their average cost of providing the services). This practice is called Predatory Pricing and is illegal in Canada under Competition Laws.

c) Assuming there is no change in demand or in the firms’ cost curves, explain what will happen in the long run to the price of fertilizer, marginal cost, average total cost, the quantity supplied by each firm, and the total quantity supplied to the market. Since every firm is suffering economic loss, a few of them will exit the market in the long run. As a result, S curve in the market will shit to the left until P rises to min AC. Once P = Min AC, firms make zero profit in the long run equilibrium. As P is higher MC is higher (note P = MC). But note that MC curve does not shift! AVC will also increase and quantity supplied by each firm also increases. However total Q in the market will decrease.

  1. A company is considering building a bridge across a river. The bridge would cost $2 million to build and nothing to maintain. The following table shows the company’s anticipated demand over the lifetime of the bridge. Price per Crossing Number of Crossings(in thousands) $8 0 7 100 6 200 5 300 4 400 3 500 2 600 1 700 0 800

a) If the company was to build the bridge, what would be its profit-maximizing price? Would that be the efficient level of output? Why or why not? With P = 4, R = 4*400,000 = 1.6 million (Note this is the best the company can do). Profits = 1.6 – 2 = - 0.4 (loss). This is not efficient as efficiency calls for P = MC = 0 (in this question). Note that if MC is positive then profit maximizing P will not be 4. Assume MC = 1, and try what would be the new profit maximizing P. b) If the company is interested in maximizing profit, should it build the bridge? What would be its profit or loss? Since the company suffers loss = 0.4 m, it should not build the bridge (given the demand) c) If the government was to build the bridge, what price should it charge? The government’s objective is to maximize total surplus which is achievable by having P = MC = 0 (note when P = MC, total surplus is maximized). d) Should the government build the bridge? Explain. This depends on the value derived by the commuters by cross the bridge. If the value of 800,000 crossings is higher than the total cost of building the bridge = 2 million, the govt should build the bridge.