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Final Exam Questions | Petrophysics 2005 | PGE 424, Exams of Engineering

The University of Texas at AustinEngineering
Prof. Mukul M. Sharma

Material Type: Exam; Professor: Sharma; Class: LABORATORY; Subject: Petroleum; University: University of Texas - Austin; Term: Fall 2005;

Typology: Exams

2011/2012
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Final Exam PGE 424
FINAL EXAM
PGE 424 Fall 2005 MMS
PART 1
(5 points each)
1. Why do shales act as good cap rocks for hydrocarbon accumulations?
2. What are the primary disadvantages of using oil-based muds for coring?
3. If the presence of clays in a shaly-sand were ignored (and uncorrected Archie’s
equations were used for estimating oil saturation), will the estimated oil saturations be
too small, too large or correct? Justify your answer.
4. Describe the difference between an intermediate wet rock and a mixed wet rock?
How would you tell if your rock was one or the other?
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FINAL EXAM

PGE 424 Fall 2005 MMS

PART 1

(5 points each)

  1. Why do shales act as good cap rocks for hydrocarbon accumulations?
  2. What are the primary disadvantages of using oil-based muds for coring?
  3. If the presence of clays in a shaly-sand were ignored (and uncorrected Archie’s equations were used for estimating oil saturation), will the estimated oil saturations be too small, too large or correct? Justify your answer.
  4. Describe the difference between an intermediate wet rock and a mixed wet rock? How would you tell if your rock was one or the other? 1
  1. Draw drainage capillary pressure curves for 2 rocks, one with a narrow pore size distribution and one with a wide pore size distribution (on the same figure). Clearly mark the curves.
  2. What is the primary reason for using two acoustic sources and four receivers in a compensated acoustic tool.
  3. Your friend claims that for a water-wet medium the three-phase relative permeability to water depends only on the water saturation even though gas and oil may both be present. Is this true? Explain your answer.
  4. The pore size distribution of a core is given by the equation, fp^ = C^ ,^ 0.1m < r < 10m r Calculate a numerical value for the constant C? 2
  1. A sandstone sample is cut into a cube 1” on the side. It is subjected to triaxial loading. 2000 psi of compressive stress is applied in the x direction, 1000 psi tensile load applied in the y and z directions. Calculate the strain in the x direction (10 points) Assume that the sandstone has the following mechanical properties. Modulus of elasticity = 2 x 10^6 psi; Poisson's ratio = 0.
  2. An oil reservoir consists of a sequence of inter-bedded sands and shaly-sands. The capillary pressure curves (measured with crude oil and brine) for the sands and the shaly- sands are given in the attached figure. Assume that the water table is at 8000 feet. The density of the brine and the oil are 62 and 52 lb/ft^3 respectively ( 0 = 2cp; w = 1 cp). (a) Plot the water saturation as a function of depth (5 points). (b) The attached relative permeability curves were measured for the sand (assume all zones are water-wet). Plot the relative permeability to oil and water as a function of depth (5 points). (c) What is the ratio of water production rate to oil production rate (WOR) for each of the 3 zones? (5 points). (d) What would the oil and water production rates be (in bbl/day), if only the top sand was flowing (assume no crossflow between zones)? (5 points). All zones are open to flow. The wellbore radius is 4 inches and the drainage radius is 2000 ft. The reservoir pressure is 6000psi and the flowing bottom-hole pressure is 4500psi. Sand (7900 to 7850’), k = 200md Shaly sand (7980’ to 7900’), k = 20md Sand (8000’ to 7980’), k = 200 md 4

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