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Criminology Final Exam Study Guide: Key Concepts, Theories, and Crime Types, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Criminology

University of Iowa (UI)Criminology

the final exam study guide for criminology

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2022/2023

Uploaded on 12/06/2023

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margaret-schmidt 🇺🇸

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Intro. to Criminology
Professor Ruppert
Final Exam Study Guide
Final Exam Study Guide
This study guide highlights some of the important issues/topics/concepts included on the Final Exam. It includes a
note on the big picture concepts from the semester that you should review, as well as Lessons 8-11 and the
corresponding assigned readings. This is not an exhaustive list of content, so you should refer to your own notes
from lecture and discussion, as well as the chapters of the textbook (and other assigned readings).
Big Picture Concepts:
oDefine criminology, criminal justice
Criminology: The scientific study of crime and criminal behavior
- Shows the casual explanations of crime
Criminal Justice: how to apprehend and process criminals
oDefining deviance (varies by time, place, circumstance/context), laws, crime
Mala in se vs. mala prohibita
UCR Part I index offenses – 4 violent, 4 property (general patterns for
offending and victimization)
oMethods for measuring/studying crime – UCR/NIBRS vs. NCVS
Key differences, chief benefits/drawbacks
Challenge with comparing crime cross-nationally?
“dark figure of crime”
Rough estimates re: crimes unreported (more than 50%)
NIBRS replaced the UCR in Jan. 2021 – and does not employ the
hierarchy rule (understand/be able to apply this difference)
Triangulation – multiple methods used for the same study/to answer the
same research question
oConflict vs. Consensus views on crime – basic assumptions of each
oGeneral patterns of crime over time
How are these measured?
Do these sources tell the same story?
oCorrelates and predictors of crime – the big 5 (what crimes do they not cleanly apply
to?)
For example, it is important to know that men and women commit crime
to very different extents and also experience victimization very differently.
You should understand likelihood of offending and victimization increase
at lower SES
oDifferential Association Theory, Labeling Theory, Anomie (Institutional) Theory,
Routine Activities Theory – understand major propositions and especially how these
explanations apply to the crime types covered in the final section of this course
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Professor Ruppert Final Exam Study Guide

Final Exam Study Guide

This study guide highlights some of the important issues/topics/concepts included on the Final Exam. It includes a note on the big picture concepts from the semester that you should review, as well as Lessons 8-11 and the corresponding assigned readings. This is not an exhaustive list of content, so you should refer to your own notes from lecture and discussion, as well as the chapters of the textbook (and other assigned readings).  Big Picture Concepts:

o Define criminology, criminal justice

Criminology: The scientific study of crime and criminal behavior

- Shows the casual explanations of crime

Criminal Justice : how to apprehend and process criminals

o Defining deviance (varies by time, place, circumstance/context), laws, crime

 Mala in se vs. mala prohibita

 UCR Part I index offenses – 4 violent, 4 property (general patterns for

offending and victimization)

o Methods for measuring/studying crime – UCR/NIBRS vs. NCVS

 Key differences, chief benefits/drawbacks

 Challenge with comparing crime cross-nationally?

 “dark figure of crime”

 Rough estimates re: crimes unreported (more than 50%)

 NIBRS replaced the UCR in Jan. 2021 – and does not employ the

hierarchy rule (understand/be able to apply this difference)

 Triangulation – multiple methods used for the same study/to answer the

same research question

o Conflict vs. Consensus views on crime – basic assumptions of each

o General patterns of crime over time

 How are these measured?

 Do these sources tell the same story?

o Correlates and predictors of crime – the big 5 (what crimes do they not cleanly apply

to?)

 For example, it is important to know that men and women commit crime

to very different extents and also experience victimization very differently.

 You should understand likelihood of offending and victimization increase

at lower SES

o Differential Association Theory, Labeling Theory, Anomie (Institutional) Theory,

Routine Activities Theory – understand major propositions and especially how these explanations apply to the crime types covered in the final section of this course

Professor Ruppert Final Exam Study Guide

o Types and general trends (over time, by demographic correlates) for property and

violent crime

 Application of primary criminological theories noted above

 Most and least common index offenses

 Magnitude of violent crime compared to property crime (and how this is

portrayed through news and media – skewed portrayal) o Definitions/types of white collar crime – distinction between corporate and occupational; extent of harm, punishment  Profit over morality suggests that the economic institutions dominance over others promotes crime ( institutional anomie ) Lecture 8 – White Collar Crime (WCC)  Definitions (types) – Sutherland, type-fold typology, organizational; examples  Cost of WCC  Major threats according to the FBI (lecture)  Extent of WCC – classic/contemporary estimates (hint – it is a lot!)  WCC vs. street crime – cost, punishment  Occupational crimes vs. corporate crimes – distinguishing characteristics (be able to identify examples – Enron ) o Occupational:  Pilferage: o Examples o Reasons for the behavior  Embezzlement: o Reasons for the behavior  The embezzlement “triangle” – Donald Cressey o Corporate crime:  Examples  Harm  Extent  Explaining corporate crime: be able to list/define/identify examples o Industry variation o Drive for profit o Structure of organization o Culture of organization Lecture 9 – Political Crime and TerrorismPolitical Crime o Definition (against the state; by the state) – behaviors are the same as those of other criminals, the ideology behind the behavior distinguishes crimes as political  DAT – political offenders as being socialized into their belief system by similarly minded individuals o 4 characteristics of political criminals – key takeaway: they are uncharacteristic! o Non-violent crimes against the state : examples  Ideological aims

Professor Ruppert Final Exam Study Guide  Where would a violent street gang lie on this continuum compared to the American Mafia? o Proposed models of organized crime (key variant? Be sure to understand the difference between these proposed models):  La Cosa Nostra  Enterprise-Power  Patron-Client o Patterns of organized crime (levels of organized crime) – behaviors groups engage in and movement through those behaviors over time o Characteristics of organized criminals o Explanations for syndicate crime  Anomie theory explanation  DAT theory explanation  Global organized crime o Thrives in what types of regimes? o Examples of global organized crime groups – most powerful o Common endeavors:  Money laundering – basic steps, aim  Broad definition for trafficking – does not apply solely to people  Human trafficking – movement of people for a variety of reasons (sex, labor, domestic servitude)  Factors ( Orlova article ) that contribute to international human trafficking  Migrant smuggling  Drug trafficking o Costs of global organized crime – estimates (how do we get these?) o Control of global crime – key example of attempt to control in the U.S.? RICO Lecture 11 – Public Order Crime (Chapter 14) o Definition – mala …?  Legislated morality, “victimless”  Social control/policing often works from a “broken windows” hypothesis  Most often designated as a misdemeanor o Examples of public order crime  Types of prostitution o Law and public order crimes – how do these crimes become law? (Understand the importance of public sentiment or belief as it relates to creation of public order laws)  Social control perspective on public order crimes

Professor Ruppert Final Exam Study Guide  Public order laws as the result of moral crusades  Who are moral entrepreneurs? Examples of rule enforcers? o Define and describe the role of overcriminalization and decriminalization in drug policy o Applying theory – how does labeling theory apply to public order crime?