TERM 1
Negative Reinforcement
DEFINITION 1
Behaviors learned by negative reinfor cement are ones that allow
the individual to avoid punishment. most people experience are
nagging, criticism, and fault-finding.Cor poral punishment refers to
physical punishment such as spankin g. Avoidance motivation is
elicited by the threat of punishment . The individual tries (if
possible) to avoid punishment by doing something such as
studying to avoid nagging. its a way of avoiding punishment in
advance.
TERM 2
Positive Reinforcement
DEFINITION 2
Behaviors learned by positive reinforc ement are ones that allow
the individual to receive a reward for his or her actions.The types
of social rewards are the most critica l. that people are most likely
to experience are praise, complimen ts, attention, and affection.
Hope and the pleasure of a reward a re the emotions associated
with positive reinforcement. BAS act ivity increases during positive
reinforcement. Receive a reward
TERM 3
summary
DEFINITION 3
Parents can teach their children to learn the same desired
behaviors by positive reinforcement o r negative reinforcement.
For example a child can be taught to study and do his chores by
being rewarded with praise or to avoid nagging and criticism. The
same is true of adult-adult relationshi ps: an adult can criticize
undesirable behaviors or reward desire d behaviors (or both). (P)
TERM 4
Studies of Punishment and Avoidance
Motivation
DEFINITION 4
Individuals in a parent-child or an adult -adult relationship
characterized by high levels of avoida nce motivation report feeling
anxious and apprehensive in the pres ence of the other individual.
In addition, they indicate that they a re not satisfied with the
relationship. They are engaging in be haviors that serve to avoid
punishment (nagging, criticism, fault- finding). The child shows the
behavior that the parents want how ever there is a price
TERM 5
Studies of Punishment and Avoidance
Motivation (continued)
DEFINITION 5
Married couples report being happier if their partners
provided positive reinforcement in the form of compliments,
a thank you, praise, and affection. Nagging (negative
reinforcement) is not an effective technique, and nagging,
rudeness and criticism are typically associated with unhappy
relationships. Negative reinforcement activates BIS
