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Turner syndrome A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted. Patients with suspected Turner syndrome require genetic testing and hormone level evaluation. Echocardiogram, bone density, and bone age testing are necessary. Treatment involves estrogen therapy and growth hormone administration. The patient should be treated symptomatically for all other effects of the disease. -Underdeveloped ovaries (sterile) -Short stature (~ 4'7") -Webbing of the neck -Edema -Underdeveloped breasts; wide nipples -High number of aborted fetuses Tay-Sachs Disease A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest a few months after birth, followed by death within a few years. Down syndrome A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait -This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern , which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene Marfan's Syndromes genetic trait type Marfan syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, meaning that only one abnormal copy of the Marfan gene inherited from one parent is sufficient to have the condition. Defects or deletions (pathogenic variants) of the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene have been shown to cause Marfan syndrome. Spina Bifida Not having enough folic acid during pregnancy is one of the most important factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina bifida. Cushing's syndrome =moonfaced Viral hemorrhagic fevers are spread by contact with infected animals or insects. The viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers live in a variety of animal and insect hosts. Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral hemorrhagic fevers can also be spread from person to person. MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria that's become resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph
infections. Anemia Different types of anemia include: Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency Anemia due to iron deficiency Anemia of chronic disease Hemolytic anemia Idiopathic aplastic anemia Megaloblastic anemia Pernicious anemia Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia Sprains and Strains - A sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a ligament while severely stressing a joint. A strain occurs when tendons (bands at the end of muscles that connect muscles to bones) get stretched or pulled away from the bone. Sprain A sprain is an overstretching of a ligament with a possible tear. A sprain occurs in response to a quick twist or pull of the muscle. It can be caused by a force that displaces a joint from its normal alignment. Sprains most commonly occur around joints. The most common location for a sprain is in the ankle. Strain A strain is an overstretching of tendons and muscle. Strains often occur in the lower back and in the hamstring muscle and result from overuse of muscles, improper use of the muscles, or as the result of injury in another part of the body when the body compensates for pain by altering the way it moves. Pain, weakness, limited range of motion, and muscle spasms are common symptoms experienced after a strain occurs. Bursitis Bursa are fluid-filled, saclike structures between skin and bone or between tendons, ligaments, and bone. They act as cushions to lubricate and decrease friction between bone, ligaments, and tendons. Bursitis occurs when the synovial lining produces excessive fluid, leading to localized swelling and pain. Bursitis can also be caused by autoimmune disorders, gout or pseudogout, infection, traumatic events, and hemorrhagic disorders. Systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, pancreatitis, Whipple disease, oxalosis, uremia, hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome have also been associated with bursitis. Bursitis - Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
valve regurgitation. Backflow of blood is caused by failure of the heart's mitral valve to close tightly. Mitral valve regurgitation is a condition in which the heart's mitral valve does not close tightly, which allows blood to flow backward in the heart. Heart vegetations Abnormal growths (vegetations) that contain collections of bacteria may form in the heart at the site of the infection and damage the heart valves, which can cause them to leak. Endocarditis is a life-threatening inflammation of the inner lining of the heart's chambers and valves (endocardium). Mitral regurgitation In the left ventricle, papillary muscle rupture causes the mitral valve to be unable to close. With each contraction of the left ventricle, blood flows upward through the loose mitral valve into the left atrium. This causes a mitral valve regurgitation murmur, also called mitral insufficiency. As a consequence, mitral regurgitation often causes backup of blood and hydrostatic pressure into the left atrium, pulmonary veins, and pulmonary capillaries, causing pulmonary edema. Mitral stenosis In mitral stenosis, blood from the left atrium meets resistance when flowing through the narrowed mitral valve into the left ventricle. Mitral stenosis is the narrowing of the mitral valve, which controls blood flow from the heart's left atrium to the left ventricle. The left ventricle is your heart's main pumping chamber. In mitral stenosis, blood from the left atrium meets resistance when flowing through the narrowed mitral valve into the left ventricle. The main cause of mitral valve stenosis is an infection called rheumatic fever, which is related to strep infections. Blood thinners (anticoagulants) to help prevent blood clots. Beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or digitalis glycosides to slow your heart rate and allow your heart to fill more effectively. Anti-arrhythmics to treat atrial fibrillation or other irregular heart rhythms associated with mitral valve stenosis. Aortic regurgitation Aortic valve regurgitation — or aortic regurgitation — is a condition that occurs when your heart's aortic valve doesn't close tightly. As a result, some of the blood pumped out of your heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle) leaks backward. Aortic stenosis Aortic stenosis is one of the most common and serious valve disease problems. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve opening. Aortic stenosis restricts the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and may also affect the pressure in the left atrium.
Which type of valve defect leads to a diastolic murmur? Diastolic murmurs are due to a narrowing (stenosis) of the mitral or tricuspid valves, or regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonary valves. Which type of valve defect leads to a systolic murmur? Systolic regurgitant murmurs include the many variations of mitral valve regurgitation, tricuspid valve regurgitation, and ventricular septal defect. Being able to identify degree of burn, and add other s/s to that degree burn First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of the skin. They cause pain, redness, and swelling. Second-degree burns affect both the outer and underlying layer of skin. They cause pain, redness, swelling, and blistering. Third-degree burns affect the deep layers of skin. Herbeden and Bouchard Nodes= Osteoarthritis. Identify Upper vs Lower Respiratory infections Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). These infections affect the nose, throat, and sinuses. # Common cold.
Epiglottitis.
Laryngitis.
Pharyngitis (sore throat).
Sinusitis (sinus infection).
Mono is Upper respiratory tract infection Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). These infections occur in the airways and the lungs.
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Bronchiolitis
Tuberculosis
Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney compensation- The kidneys have two main ways to maintain acid-base balance - their cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3− from the urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the urine. By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH. Multi factorial diseases The majority of diseases are the result of multifactorial genetic influences. Diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), and most cancers are caused by a combination of genetics and environment or a combination of several defective genes working, or not working, together. In these diseases, an individual inherits one or more gene defects that predispose them to a
Acute pancreatitis can be caused by #Gallstones #Excessive alcohol consumption #High blood triglycerides #Abdominal injury, #Certain medications and toxins. Peritonsillar abscess A complication of tonsillitis in which the infection spreads behind the tonsils. A peritonsillar abscess occurs when a collection of pus forms and infection spreads beyond the tonsils into the neck and chest. Swollen tissues can block the airway. Symptoms include fever, difficulty swallowing, and severe throat pain. Antibiotics can treat an early infection. Sometimes a collection of pus needs to be drained by a procedure called incision and drainage. Ulcers The constant acid irritation leads to ulceration of the gastrointestinal cells, also termed peptic ulcer. The constant acid irritation leads to ulceration of the gastrointestinal cells, also termed peptic ulcer. Duodenal ulcers are a type of peptic ulcer that forms in the upper small intestine. The most common symptom of a duodenal ulcer is a pain in the mid to upper stomach region, especially if this pain intensifies when the stomach is empty or if the pain wakes you up in the middle of the night. Esophageal ulcers are ulcers that develop inside of the esophagus. These ulcers can typically be treated with changes to lifestyle and diet, coupled with certain medications and other treatments. McBurney point corresponds to the location of the base of the appendix and is found by placing the little finger of one hand in the umbilicus and the thumb on the anterior superior ileal spine. Right lower quadrant of abdomen; called McBurney's point. Typical manifestations of appendicitis include abdominal pain that originates in the umbilical region radiating to the RLQ, also known as McBurney's point. Chrons disease A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract. #Persistent diarrhea. #Rectal bleeding. #Urgent need to move bowels. #Abdominal cramps and pain. #Sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation. #Constipation, which can lead to bowel obstruction. RLQ pain causes
#Chrons disease #Appendicitis Ulcerative colitis Ulcerative colitis is an autoimmune disease of the large intestine , specifically the colon and rectum. It affects the mucosal layer of the large intestine. How could the provider distinguish ulcerative colitis from Crohn disease? Ulcerative colitis only affects the large intestine , while Crohn's disease can affect the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. While diarrhea can occur in both, ulcerative colitis is more likely to present with blood in the stool. A colonoscopy will show pseudopolyps for ulcerative colitis but will show a cobblestone appearance for Crohn's disease. Peptic Ulcers Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inside lining of your stomach and the upper portion of your small intestine. The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is stomach pain. Upper abdominal pain is a common symptom. Treatment consists of antacids Cirrhosis The most common causes of cirrhosis of the liver are #Hepatitis C virus - HCV #Alcoholic liver disease #Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease -NAFLD. Bladder Cancer vs Kidney Cancer Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, occurs when cells in the kidney grow out of control, clump together, and form a malignant tumor. The most common risk factor for developing kidney cancer is smoking. Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer that begins in the cells of the bladder. Bladder cancer sign and symptoms, treatments The cardinal feature of bladder cancer is #Painless, intermittent, gross hematuria. #Frequency, pain, and burning on urination. #Sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. Some types of bladder cancer present similarly to a UTI with urgency, frequency, and dysuria. Usually located deep within the bladder, bladder cancer rarely presents as a palpable mass. Painless hematuria is usually the only sign of bladder cancer. Surgical treatment involves a transurethral resection of the tumor. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy are also used to eradicate the tumor or reduce tumor size. Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion may be necessary for very large invasive tumors.
a menstrual period. #Excessive bleeding. You may experience occasional heavy menstrual periods or bleeding between periods (intermenstrual bleeding). #Infertility. Sometimes, endometriosis is first diagnosed in those seeking treatment for infertility. #Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea, especially during menstrual periods. ESRD symptoms
Fatigue
Drowsiness
Decrease in urination or inability to urinate,
Dry skin, itchy skin,
Headache
Weight loss
Nausea
Bone pain
Skin and nail
changes # Easy bruising. Doctors can diagnose the disease with
Blood tests
Urine tests
Kidney
ultrasound # kidney biopsy # CT scan. Different types of dialysis= #Hemodialysis #Peritoneal dialysis #Continuous renal replacement therapy Diabetes insipidus ,understand relationship with hydration and sodium Diabetes insipidus can cause an imbalance in minerals in your blood, such as sodium and potassium (electrolytes), that maintains the fluid balance in your body. Specific blood and urine tests can point to a diagnosis of diabetes insipidus, such as #A high sodium level (hypernatraemia) #High concentration of the blood (serum or plasma osmolality), #Low urine concentration (urine osmolality). Diabetes Insipidus Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect. The serum sodium is often elevated due to excess free water losses. In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't properly concentrate urine.
Goiter / iodine relationship Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter. The body needs iodine to produce thyroid hormone. Insufficient iodine in the diet causes the thyroid gets larger to try and capture all the iodine it can, so it can make the right amount of thyroid hormone. Signs and Symptoms of Hodgkins Lymphoma #Painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, #Armpits, or groin. #Persistent fatigue. #Fever. #Night sweats. #Losing weight without trying. #Severe itching. #Pain in lymph nodes after drinking alcohol. Electrolyte imbalance causing palpitations, diarrhea, muscle weakness Low Potassium (Hypokalemia) - Electrolyte imbalance causing palpitations, diarrhea, muscle weakness T4 cell - disease related to destruction - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection Cryoblation use. A procedure in which an extremely cold liquid or an instrument called a cryoprobe is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue. Cryoablation is sometimes used as a primary treatment for:
Bone cancer.
Cervical cancer.
Eye cancer.
HE4 biomarker Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a protein that is produced by most, but not all, epithelial ovarian cancer cells. This makes the test useful as a tumor marker in specific circumstances. The HE4 test measures the amount of human epididymis protein 4 in the blood. Cranial nerves *I Olfactory -Sensory- Smell *II Optic - Sensory - Vision *III Oculomotor - Motor - Extraocular movements (EOMs) and pupil response *IV Trochlear - Motor - EOMs *V Trigeminal - Mixed (motor and sensory)- Facial sensation, Masseter muscle control of chewing *VI Abducens - Motor - EOMs *VII Facial - Mixed (motor and sensory)- Facial expressions and taste over anterior two-thirds of tongue *VIII Auditory or Vestibulocochlear -Sensory- Hearing and equilibrium *IX Glossopharyngeal - Mixed (motor and sensory) -Elevation of pharynx in swallowing, taste over
#Cytomegalovirus infections #Respiratory illnesses (adenovirus) #German measles (rubella) #Mumps (mumps virus) #Flu (influenza B) #Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (coxsackievirus) Chemical related to a chronic condition that causes endothelial cell injury. Endothelial dysfunction can be caused by several conditions, including diabetes or metabolic syndrome, hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity Cerebral edema
Headache
Neck pain or stiffness
Nausea or vomiting
Dizziness
Irregular breathing
Vision loss or changes
Memory loss
Inability to walk
Difficulty speaking
Stupor
Seizures
Loss of consciousness
Cerebral Concussion (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury) Individuals with mild TBI can develop postconcussive syndrome (PCS), which includes headaches, lethargy, mental dullness, and other symptoms that can persist for several months after a TBI. Neuro condition causing flat emotions, sleep disturbances #Alzheimer's #Schizophrenia #Parkinson's disease Riluzole (Rilutek) used for what Riluzole is used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease). Riluzole is in a class of medications called benzothiazoles.It works by changing the activity of certain natural substances in the body that affect nerves and muscles. Why are some infections harder on children while other infections are harder on the elderly? Older adult patients do not have as many naïve T cells compared to younger patients. What are some of the consequences of alcohol exposure in pregnancy?
Exposure to alcohol during development decreases brain volume. Drinking alcohol of any kind during pregnancy can cause premature labor, miscarriage, stillbirth, and a range of developmental, physical, mental, and emotional disabilities and disorders in the baby, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Signs of dehydration Extreme thirst Oliguria Headache Dark-colored urine Sluggishness and fatigue Bad breath Dry mouth Sugar cravings Dizziness, weakness, light-headedness Confusion Vitamin B12 deficiency causes #Atrophic gastritis #Pernicious anemia #Conditions that affect the small intestine, such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, bacterial growth, or a parasite #Alcohol misuse or heavy drinking #Immune system disorders, such as Graves' disease or lupus #Certain medications that interfere with the absorption of B12 ; heartburn medicines including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec OTC), pantoprazole (Protonix), and rabeprazole (Aciphex), H2 Blockers such as cimetidine (Tagamet) and famotidine (Pepcid AC); and certain diabetes medicines such as metformin (Glucophage).
Contusion vs concussion (I think the kid getting hit in the head with a chair question is
contusion). Know signs and symptoms for each. How do you tell them apart? Turner
syndrome (webbed neck, short stature, under-developed breasts)
Acid/base balance (hypoventilation, etc) I really only watched these two videos. They make
it super easy to understand!
Diabetes insipidus (normal glucose, hypernatremia, dilute urine, ADH, etc)
Goiter: relationship with iodine. Know treatment
Thyroid cancer: clinical question with a scenario. Know the signs/symptoms
Something like this: woman comes in for exam. Reports difficulty swallowing, odynophasia,
lump in throat.
Bladder cancer : Malignant cells present in urine. Painless hematuria.
Renal Cell Carcinoma: 90% of renal tumors.
Cryoablation: treatment for prostate cancer
*increased ph & increased bicarb HC03 (give anti vomit meds) *excessive
vomiting-metabolic alkalosis normal ABG's: PH 7.35-7.45 PCO2 35-
PO2 90-100 HCO3 22-26 SaO2 95-100%
*lots of H+= low PH
*high levels of CO2 body becomes more acidic
*Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are marked by changes in PCO2 Higher CO2=acidosis
Lower CO2=alkalosis
First line of defense is respirations
Second line of defense is kidney's
*If PH and PCO2 are moving in opposite direction then it is the PCO2 levels causing the
imbalance it is respiratory in nature. Respiratory opposite and reverse.
If PCO2 is normal or moving in same direction as PH then imbalance is metabolic.
Metabolic equal or same.
High CO2=hyperventilation, need to blow of CO2 to increase PH
Respioratory Disorders
Respiratopry Acidosis: CO2 high, PH low CNS depression
Obstructive lung disease
hypoventalation
tx: intubation or admin. Bicarb
Respiratory Alkalosis: CO2 low, PH high hyperventalation
hypoxemia
tx:CO2 rebreather mask
Metabloic acidosis: PH low due to HCO3 low<22 increase in proton
due to anion gap that is normal or elevated tx: sodium bicarb
Metabolic alkalosis: PH high due to HCO3 high >26 tx: administer vomiting
meds
Risk factors for hypertensive urgency cerebral concussion:
-headaches
-lethargy and mental dullness
-s/s can persist for several months.
Sprain: over stretching of a ligament, common location is the ankle. It can be caused by a
force that displaces a joint from its normal alighnment.
Strain: over stretching of tendons and muscles. Often in the lower back and hamstring.
Pain, weakness, and limited ROM.
Rilozole: class of benzothiazotes medications used to tx. Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis(ALS)
S/S of dehydration: headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, bad breathe, dry
mouth, dark urine * albumin controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds
volume.
VB12 deficiency causes: conditions of the gastric system (chrons and celiac disease)
heartburn meds to tx. Esomeprazole, pantaprazole, famotidine, cimetidine, metformin?
THINK OF GASTRIC ISSUES CAN CAUSE B12 DEFICIENCY.
*Cryoablation is tx for bone cancer/prostate cancer.
TIA: will resolve itsself within or dissolve the clot within 24.
Ischemic
85% most common
afib or arteriosclerosis
thrombosis or embolus ischemia-
blocks blood flow
use of oral BC, sickle cell, carotid plaque build up COULD PRESENT AS SPEECH
IMPAIRMENT SEVEREA HEADACHE INABILITY TO MOVE ONE SIDE, ARM/LEG S/S
of cerebral contusion
vs.
Hemorrhagic stroke 40% less common
mainly caused by HTN hemorrhagic/blood
vessels ruptures and no longer provides
brain blood flow, high BP
-severe headache, dizziness, vomiting
-increase size of one pupil, sudden weakness in arm or leg
-can last for hours to several weeks
-brain tissue swells, person may become drowsy or confused
-low heart rate, respiration, HTN are signs of pressure on the brain stem
Epidural hematoma-likely to occur following fracture of the temporal bone
s/s of cerebral edema: headache, neck pain/stiffness, nausea/vomiting, dizziness, vision
loss or change, memory loss, seizures, unstable gait
Subdural henatoma-blood vessel in the space between skull & brain is damaged. Places
pressure on the brain.
Cirrhosis of the liver most common causes hep c virus
alcoholic liver dx.
Non alcoholic liver disease
equilibrium shift to the right H30 increases, PH drops
COPD Umberella conditions emphysema chronic
bronchitis refactory asthma
Hodgkins lymphoma s/s: painless swelling of lymph nodes in neck, airmpits, and groin.
Persisted fatigue, fever, night sweats, Pain in lymph nodes after drinking alcohol.
T4 cell-disease related to distruction HIV
Burns are measured by 9's each part of a body =
1 st^ degree-affects only outter layer of skin. Pain, redness, swelling.
2 nd^ degree-outer and underlying layer. Pain, redness, swelling, blistering. 3rd
degree-affects deep layer.
Herberdens(joint closest to fingertips), Bouchard nodes(middle joints): tell
signs of osteoarthritis
Infections on younger adults vs. older adults- younger adults dont have the
amount of memory cells as an adult. Older pts. Do not have as many naive T
cells which recoginizes new antigens the immune system has never
encountered, irritating and immune response.
High K+-muscle spasms, untreated acidosis
Low K+-palpitations, diarrhea, muscle weakness
Fluid & Electrolytes
high sodium cellular dehydration s&s:
lethargy, weakness, extreme thirst
Lymph nodes are filled with WBC's to fight infections Lymphedema-swelling or
edema caused by blockage in lymphatic system Often seen in pt who had them
removed or cancer patients. Lymphadenopathy-enlarged, palpable, and tender
Lymphadenitis-infected lymph nodes
UTI's s&s-frequent and painful urination Bladder Cancer-painless
hematuria(first sign)
Heart vegetations-abnormal growths or vegetations that contain bacteria,
could result in Edocarditis.
Mitral regurgitation-leakage, back up causing pulmonary edema.
Mitral stenosis- left atrium to left ventricle, main cause is rheumatic fever.
Aortic stenosis-restricts blood flow from left ventricle to aorta.
Diastolic Murmur- stenosis of mitral or ticuspid regurgitation of pulmonary or
aortic Sytolic murmur-mitral valve regurgitation, tricuspid valve regurgitation
Pagets Disease-disrupts the replacement of old bone with new bone tissue
Turner syndrome-short webbed edema, females are xx, sterile chromosome
disorder in females, missing an X chromosome. Underdeveloped breasts.
Tay sach disease- human genectic disorder,accomulation of lipids in the brain.
S/S: cognitive disorders, seizures, blindeness, muscle weakness, loss of motor
skills.
A conditon resulting from an abnormal number of chromosomes are referred to
aneuploidies
Down syndrome-extra copy of chromosome 21
Diabetes Insipidus- high sodium, excess water loss, b/s are normal, low urine
concentration(urine osmoality)
Heart valves, mitral/aortic-regurgitation is leakage, stenosis is stiff/narrowed
Pyeloneohritis-inflammation of renal and kidney
Artery responds to blood loss-vasoconstriction
Marfan Syndrome- long extremeties, absomal dominant FBN1 gene
Spina Bifida- lack of folic acid in pregnancy also obesity and diabetes are risk
factors.
Bursitis- inflammation of the bursa sac.
Chrons Disease- is the entire GI tracts, cobblestone appearance
Ulcerative Colitis-autoimmune disease of the large intestine, specifically colon,
rectum, pseudopolyps appearance.
B12 deficiency:alcohol abuse
Turp: for BPH
blood loss: fluid will leave the intracelluar space and go into the extracellular
space causing cell to shrink.
Chrons disease: right lower quad pain
Mcburney's point: acute appendicitis
endocarditis: vegetation (contains bacteria)
pericarditis:plueral pain and other sx.
*pay attention the words acute and chronic in the GI: s/s on test are answers
for acute diagnosis Hypertensive crisis-BP over 180
• student at school gets hit in the head with chair from another student
and doesnt remember fight, confusion and flat afftect: answers:
concussion,contusion,cerebral edema,& 1 more
