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Notes throughout the semester for finance class
Typology: Study notes
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โ Bids : buyer โ Ask: seller โ = trade
โ price-what to pay โ pay value what's it's worth
โ Long position: owner โ Short position : owe โ The reality of finance is to look backwards from today to past
โ Interva l- from today to whatever time โ How much time between the beginning to end โ Beginning value - open โ Ending value - close โ OCHL (open, close, high, low) - looking at the interval chart using the candle method โ How low and high it goes: prices going up (increases- green candle) OR โ How high and low it goes: prices going down (increases- red candle) โ Bollinger bands -Trading range of stocks โ Market Capitalization - how much the company or equity is worth โ Prices * # of shares โ Private company- not shared to the public only with private companies โ Public company- shared and sell to the public โ GAAP - General accounting accepting principle โ Balance sheet โ Take a picture on the last day and report โ Asset (own) โ Cash always come first โ Account receivable โ Inventory โ Equipment (tangible) โ Intangible- goodwill, trape โ Liability (owe) โ Taxes โ Payroll โ Accounts payable โ Debt- bank, short and long term debt (bonds) โ Equity is the last thing to determine how much we owe โ A = A +L โ Income statement requirement โ Beginning to end
โ Sales (revenue) - cost of goods (everything to have to make whatever you make) % sales โ Selling, general, admin (SGA) โ Gross profit (ebitda) e arning, b efore, i nterest, t ax d epreciation, a mortization โ Interest โ Taxes โ Net income= profit โ What the owner company earn that are 100% earned by equity โ Dividend- pay back the shareholders โ Common equity- have to treat everyone in common โ Retained earnings- invest โ Statement of cash flow โ Have to do this quarterly or annually โ Sarbannes Oxley - corporate frauds
January 23, 2023 โ Required return = < expectation return- making an investment โ Present value = $ today: the beginning of the first period โ Lump sum= paying someone in the future
PV0: FVn = 1/ (1+r) n
โ Risk-free โ Risking nothing โ Risk premium โ Extra return I need to risk โ The rate is the rate per period โ M = periodicity โ How many payment method per year โ M =1 year: Annually โ M = 2 Semi โ M =4 Quarterly โ M = 12: Monthly โ APR= Annual percentage rate โ EAR = effective annualized return (1+r) ^M -1- Compound interest โ Excess value Fair present value - price โ Excess return = expectation (for return) - Ri โ Returning incapacitated for retained earning
January 25, 2023 โ Future value of annuity is zero โ Annuity- present value of sum in payment