Fire Alarm System using NTC thermistor, Thesis of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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SMJE3813 - MONOZUKURI PROJECT

(FIRE ALARM DETECTOR)

GROUP 02

NAME: AHMAD IKRAM BIN OMAR

STUDENT ID: B17MJ

SECTION: 02

GROUP MEMBER: YOUN ENG TENG

LECTURER: DR MOHD FITRI BIN MOHD YAKUB

26 DECEMBER 2018

ABSTRACT

Incident could happen anywhere and anytime even precaution steps have taken. Fire incident is one of the incidents that most happen in Malaysia which it can caused a lot of damage such as property and also caused and injury or death to victims. Fire alarm system had existed using the high-end technology and sensors which connected with multiple safety system development. Unfortunately, the system will cost a lot of money which are not be able for low class user to use it. Hence, the goal of the project is to develop a low-cost safety system which consist of a low cost equipment that can be use by any user. Fire alarm system mainly use in the factory or office building. Thus, this project will be focusing on household area which to develop a plug and play system that can be use within the house area. This is important as it can reduce the consequences from the fire incident. Hence, the result from this project is the model can function well as same as the fire alarm system that available now even using the low-cost equipment. KEYWORD Thermistor NTC type; Change of temperature; Fire alarm system; Safety measure; Fire safety

• Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………..
• Keyword…………………………………………………………………………………….
• 1.1) Background study…………………………………………………………………... 1. Chapter 1 - Introduction
• 1.2) Problem statement…………………………………………………………………..
• 1.3) Objective of study…………………………………………………………………..
• 1.4) Scope of study………………………………………………………………………
• 1.5) Significant of study…………………………………………………………………
• 1.6) Project outline………………………………………………………………………
• 2.1) Introduction………………………………………………………………………… 2. Chapter 2 - Literature Review
• 2.2) Fire Alarm System………………………………………………………………….
• 2.3) Commercialized product……………………………………………………………
• 2.4) Previous worked……………………………………………………………………
• 3.1) Project Implementation…………………………………………………………….. 3. Chapter 3 – Methodology
• 3.2) Project Management………………………………………………………………..
• 3.3) Block Diagram……………………………………………………………………...
• 3.4) Design Approaches………………………………………………………………...
• 3.5) List of Components………………………………………………………………...
• 4.1) Introduction………………………………………………………………………… 4. Chapter 4 – Simulation and Result
• 4.2) Simulation Result…………………………………………………………………...
• 4.3) Experimental Result…………………………………………………………….......
• 4.4) Theoretical.................................................................................................................
• 4.5) Discussion..................................................................................................................
• 5.1) Conclusion................................................................................................................. 5. Chapter 5 – Conclusion
• 5.2) Recommendation.......................................................................................................
• Appendix A............................................................................................................................
• Appendix B............................................................................................................................
• References..............................................................................................................................

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Incident could happen anywhere and anytime even precaution steps have taken. Fire incident is one of the incidents that most happen in Malaysia which it can caused a lot of damage such as property and also caused an injury or death to victims. It is very important that precaution steps must be taken seriously to reduce the consequences which very harmful to people. There are several causes for the fire to occur such as short circuit and no precaution steps is taken. A statistic from Fire and Rescue Department Malaysia shows that in 2016, most of the fire incident that occur was caused from a short circuit. Hence, safety measure must be taken to reduce the consequences from the incident especially at home or office building. The concern is on how people take precaution measures to avoid this incident happen especially at home or office building as many consequences could happen. 1.1 Background study Safety is very important in every aspect that must be taken seriously. In this case, fire alarm system is a compulsory safety system that must be exist in every office building as a precaution measure. Fire alarm system was already existed and the system is connected within various input and output signals as they can operate perfectly according to the standard operation procedure. Every office building will install the fire alarm system as a safety measure. Rarely we can see household use this system as it will cost a lot of money for the installation and the cost of built the system.

1.5 Significant of study By applying the fire alarm system, it can reduce damage and injury if any fire incident occurred. Sometimes, we forget to make sure all the safety and precaution steps is taken. Hence, with this fire alarm system produced, it will reduce or prevent from unexpected incident from occur. 1.6 Project outline Chapter 1 will be consist of the introduction of the project generally. The problem statement will be discuss based on the issues that related to the project. The objectives and the scope of study will discuss in detail. Chapter 2 will be consist of the explanation of the project based on the information from journal, books, thesis, reference books and article. Chapter 3 contain of methodology that explain in the detail about fire alarm system and the hardware implementation in the project. Chapter 4 will be focus on result and analysis that recorded from this project. Chapter 5 is about discussion and recommendation of the project which to develop a better safety system.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction This chapter will summarize the study for the whole project and have been carried out to gain knowledge and information regarding this project. The main source for this project is from previous related projects, research books, thesis and journal that have been analysed and reviewed. This chapter will be focus on the commercialized products and previous work regarding this project. 2.2 Fire alarm system Fire alarm system is a set of electronic and electric equipment that worked together as a system which can detect the present of fire and smoke and alert people through audio and visual appliances warning if there is fire incident happened in a building. Fire incident is one of the incident cases that we cannot expected when it will happen. Hence all building must have fire alarm system as safety measure and precaution step to avoid severe injuries and damages. Although we cannot predict the consequences, at least we can reduce the side effects which very harmful to us. Fire alarm system that available now is consist high technology sensors which highly sensitive to it surrounding. The warning system such as trigger bell and siren also consist of highly technology. There are fire alarm system at the office building or factory which connected to authorities which can speed up the rescue from the respondent team.

From figure 2.2, there is another example of fire alarm system implementation. Rakshak Fire System Pvt. Ltd. Provides fire alarm system as warning to alert people when fire incident occur in factory or office building. The early warning is used to alert and evacuate people from the building. It also will alert the responsible authorities such as fire department team to take the action. If the fire continues to burn, the system such as Fire Hydrant System or Fire Sprinkler System will engaged. Those system is used to controls the fire from spreading before the authorities take place. Figure 2.2 Rakshak Fire System Pvt. Ltd Fire alarm system

2.4 Previous worked (Embedded system for Hazardous Gas detection and Alerting) This is the previous worked which the idea can be implemented into this project. The main objective of the system is designing microcontroller based toxic gas detecting and alerting system. Short messages will be generated automatically from the system to alert the user or people. The hazardous gases such as Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and propane were sensed and displayed each and every second in the liquid crystal display (LCD). If these gases exceed the normal level, then an alarm is generated immediately and also an alert message (SMS) is sent to the authorized person through the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), which leads to faster response of emergency situation. So, these gases need to be monitored such that increase in the normal level of them could be known and proper precaution measures can be taken. The system is affordable and can be easily implemented in the chemical industries and in a residential area which is surrounded by the chemical industries or plants, to avoid endangering of human lives. The system also supports to provide real- time monitoring of concentration of the gases, which presents in the air. As this method is automatic the information can be given in time such that the endangering of human lives can be avoided, but this system just can send a message only to a user. This system only can detect gas and only send a message to alert a home users. So for the enhancement, the sensor used is multi sensor that can detect smoke, gas and etc.

3.1.2) Flowchart of the project planning Figure 3.2 Flowchart of the project planning

3.2) Project management 3.2.1) Task allocation Activities/Student Ahmad Ikram Youn Eng Teng Discussion and brainstorming idea for the project

Background study on selected idea for the project

Planning of the project implementation   Circuit design, schematic diagram, flowchart and block diagram

Preparation for technical report – Chapter 1   Presentation technical report Chapter 1   Design circuit simulation   Testing circuit simulation   Listing components   Preparation of the component for the project   Preparation for technical report – Chapter 2   Preparation for technical report – Chapter 3   Table 3.1 Task allocation of project 3.2.2) Gantt Chart WEEK Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 1 13 1

Figure 3.3 Block diagram of fire alarm detector 3.4) Design approaches 3.4.1) Schematic diagram Figure 3.4 Schematic diagram of fire alarm detector 3.4.2) Working mechanism We assume that the room temperature is 25ºC. During this condition, the resistance value of the thermistor is 10kΩ. The potentiometer is set at the maximum value which also 10kΩ. The voltage drop at the potentiometer is low while the voltage drop at the thermistor is high. Hence, the transistor cannot be turn on thus it cannot Buzzer – produce sound Red LED – light indicator Transistor BC547 – act as switch to the warning indicator

activate the buzzer and the LED. This condition explained the situation as there is no present of fire inside the room. When there are temperature changes above the room temperature which is 25ºC, the resistance value of thermistor will decrease and the potentiometer arrangement produces a high voltage since the resistance value is set in maximum value. This voltage is then given to BC547 transistor. Before the transistor turn on, it will pass through the 1N4001 Diode which enable it to flow in one direction. When the BC547 transistor turns on, it allows current to pass from power supply to ground through collector thereby acting as an electronically controlled switch. When the current is passing, the siren circuit which is assembled as the load to the circuit is turned ON and the red LED will light up. Then you can hear the buzzing sound through the buzzer and you can see the red LED light up which act as warning indicator to the user. 3.4.3) Description of main components a) Thermistor NTC type

Figure 3.6 Buzzer A buzzer is a audio signaling device which makes a buzzing or beeping sound. For this project, it will act like a siren or speaker to alert people when buzzer is triggered by the changes of temperature from the thermistor. As long as there is no temperature changes, the buzzer will remain off. c) Transistor BC Figure 3.7 BC547 Transistor BC547 is an NPN general purpose transistor. A small current at its base controls a larger current at collector & emitter terminals. In this project, when the voltage drop at potentiometer is high, it will turn on the transistor as to switch on the buzzer and red LED that act as warning indicator. When the voltage drop at potentiometer is low, the transistor will not turn on. d) Light-emitting Diode (LED)

Figure 3.8 Red LED Light-emitting Diode or LED is an electronic device which emit lights when current passes through it. Commonly LED is use as indicator light in electrical devices. There are also many applications that used LED such as clock display, traffic light and electronics sign. In this project, red LED is used to act as light indicator. The red LED will light up along with the buzzer sound as it triggered by the changes of temperature and vice versa. 3.5) List of components