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Firefighter 2 Study Guide IFSTA 7
Essentials
Finger-jointed timber - is composite building material composed of small pieces of wood merged to form boards using various types of glue. Medium density fiberboard - is composite building material that is a type of laminated wood closely resembling hardwood and is used for doors and decorative moldings. Particle board - is composite building material composed of small flakes of wood merged together with glue to form boards used for furniture. Synthetic wood - s composite building material composed of recycled plastics to form sheets or boards. Steel support temperatures begin losing strength at - 570 degrees or 300 celsius. It elongates and buckles when heated past temperature resistance. An A-frame collapse - occurs when the floor and/or roof assemblies on both sides of a load-bearing center wall collapse creating a lean-to collapse on opposite sides of the wall and creating void spaces on both sides of the wall pattern occurs when the outer walls remain intact and the upper floors and/or roof structure fail in the middle. - A V-shaped collapse A pancake collapse -
pattern is when the structure's floors collapse on top of each other with debris between them. A lean-to collapse - pattern occurs when one outer wall fails while the opposite wall remains intact. Has excellent heat resistance known as drywall or sheetrock. - Gypsum Collapse zone distance - multiply the height by 1 ½. So if building height is 30 feet the collapse zone will be 45 feet. Every gallon of water added to a structure adds - 8 to 10 pounds of weight. Full or rigid frame - the vehicle body attaches to a rigid frame more commonly used for larger automobiles and trucks , heavy duty vehicles that carry loads Unibody - a single molded unit forming both the bodywork and chassis of a vehicle. Space frame - Aluminum skeletons that are similar to aircraft frames upon which the aluminum or plastic of the vehicle body is attached. The internal structure of these frames provides internal support while the skin provides aerodynamics and protection. Laminated glass - is used for windshields and rear windows. Impact creates very long pointed shards that can be hazardous. Tempered glass -
Compressed air foam systems - can be used to inject foam into water mixed with air that makes the right mix for foam fire fighting. Class A foam - ordinary combustibles used in wildland firefighting and structural with hydrocarbon based surfactants. Class B foam - used to extinguish fires involving flammable liquids and combustible liquids. Also used to suppress vapor from fuel spills. Effective on hydrocarbons and polar solvents like ethanol. In-line eductors - around the pump proportions, and balanced-pressure proportioners all describe types of proportioning devices found on fire apparatus. Liquefied Petroleum Gas - Propane tanks NFPA 1001 to identify different storage tanks Tanker on fire requires - copious amounts of water to cool the pressurized container creates a barrier between fuel gasses and possible ignition sources. - Separating Lowers temperature with foam - Cooling foam method that prevents air from reaching the fuel and releasing flammable vapors. - Smothering firefighting foam method that reduces water's surface tension and allows it to diffuse class A fires. -
Penetrating The fire cause - is the happenings that occur in order for the heat source and material to come together and ignite the fire. The area of origin - is the vicinity in which the ignition source and material came together for the first time. point of origin - the exact location where the heat source and the fuel came into contact to begin the fire. The fire pattern - obvious design and path of burned material from where the fire initially started. Premixing is the process in which - foam concentrate is mixed with premeasured portions of water within a container. Eduction is the process in which - foam concentrate is mixed with water within a nozzle. Injection is the process in which - foam concentrate is forced into a fire stream by an external pump. Batch-mixing is the process in which - foam concentrate is mixed within a fire apparatus water tank. Low-expansion foams - used to cool class A fires and to extinguish class B fires. Medium-expansion foams -
addressable protected premise alarm system - is one in which a single alarm sounds somewhere within the building, and the fire department panel can be used to locate the specific detector that has been activated. A zoned/annunciated protected premise alarm system - is one in which only the alarms in a particular area activate. proprietary alarm system - is not a protected premise alarm system, as it is an alarm system owned and operated by the property owner. noncoded protected premise alarm system - is one in which all of the alarms in the building sound at once. An auxiliary alarm system - connects a protected property with the local fire department's alarm communication center through a municipal master fire alarm box. A central station system - is an alarm system that is constantly monitored at one location operated by an alarm company. A remote alarm receiving system - is an alarm system that sends the alarm signals from the protected premises to a remote receiving station with a 24-hour staff by either a telephone line or by a radio signal. Fusible link -
- holds two levers together which hold a cap in place that stops water flow. When heat from a fire melts the link then water or air pressure in the pipe pushes the levers and cap out of the way.
Frangible bulb - Heat expands a heat sensitive liquid inside the frangible bulb. The internal temp rises until the bulb shatters. Chemical Pellet - The sprinkler valve cap is held in place by a plunger and a small pellet made of solder. The solder melts when heated to a certain temperature releasing the plunger and opening valve. Sprinkler deflectors - direct the water pattern down onto the fire. siamese appliance - allows firefighters to connect two 2 1/2 inch lines connected to the hydrant outlets into a single large diameter hose. wye appliance - allows a single line to be split into two lines A water thief - allows a larger line to be adapted to a smaller line. Common for wildland fire An LDH appliance - is useful to distribute water from a hydrant to multiple attack lines. Sprinkler connection Water flow device - initiates an alarm when water begins to flow in the system usually equipped with automatic sprinkler systems. Most Fire department connections have siamese inlet with at least _____ ______ connections for hoses with a _____ valve in each or ____ large connection. - 2 2/12 inch, clapper, one pendant sprinkler -
Pre-action sprinkler systems - this system is used when it is vital to prevent water damage. The system will not discharge water into piping except for smoke or heat detection. Like a deluge system but does not have open sprinkler heads. Class 1 Standpipe - designed for connection only and usually have a 2 ½ inch connector with a reducer available to attach a 1 ½ inch hose coupling. Class 2 Standpipe - referred to as house lines, they are equipped with 1 ½ inch hose and nozzle and stored on hose rack system Class 3 Stand pipe - These systems combine both 1 and 2 resources with providing a hose and a connection coupling to add more hose to. Both can be used simultaneously. Tankers that typically transport gasoline or other flammable liquids. - MC-306 (MAWP of 3 psi) and DOT 406 Oval shaped MC312 DOT 412 - (Corrosive) carry acids like hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, round shape container Low pressure chemical tank trucks- may carry - flammable liquids, mild corrosives and some toxins poisons 5-10-12-18-20 extrication rule: - Firefighters should keep 5 inches away from knee bolsters, 10 inches away from driver frontal airbags, and 12-18 inches away from side-impact curtains and should keep 20 inches away from passenger frontal airbags. NIMS "SMART" Acronym - Specific
Measurable Action-oriented Realistic Time-frame Incident strategic goals accomplish what? - Life safety, Incident stabilization, property conservation, Tactical objectives accomplish what? - Initiating search and rescue, providing water curtain to protect exposures. Contain hazardous materials, use salvage covers to route water from building second floor _________ transfer command to anyone that is not on the scene - Never Unity of command - the management principle that each person should report to only one manager Chain of command - the line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level Scalar structure - series of steps or decisions passed down from top to bottom of command Span of control- - number of people and functions that one individual can supervise Division of labor - dividing large jobs into small jobs Branch levels -
A task force - is a combination of resources assembled for a specific mission or assignment. The units must have common communication capability and designated leaders. A crew - a group of people working together Incident Complexity type 4 - incident does not require a written IAP, but it does require a documented operational briefing. Incident complexity type 5 - No written IAP or documented operational briefing is required for a type 5 incident. A type 5 incident is handled with one or two single resources, the Command and General Staff positions are not activated, and the incident is contained within a few hours after arrival on scene Incident complexity type 3 - incident may require a written IAP for each operational period. Regional resources needed. Incident complexity Type 2 - incident requires a written IAP for each operational period. National resources needed. Incident Complexity Type 1 - incident meets all the characteristics of a Type 2 incident, plus the following: a) All command and general staff positions are activated. b) Operations personnel often exceed 500 per operational period and total personnel Chain of custody with physical evidence first step - Fire scene security Chain of custody with physical evidence steps - Firefighter
Fire investigator Laboratory Courtroom Final disposition
