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Adult and Pediatric First
Aid/CPR/AED (Red Cross) exam
_____ is the number of rescue breaths you'll give after each set of compressions - answer ✅✅ 2 ______ is the number of chest compressions in 1 cycle of CPR - answer ✅✅ 30 100 compressions per minute.... - answer ✅✅ is almost 2 compressions a second 2 number you need to know to perform effective CPR are: - answer ✅✅ 30 and 2 3 classifications for burn depth: - answer ✅✅ - superficial burns
- partial-thickness burns
- full-thickness burns 4 types of open wounds: - answer ✅✅ Abrasion Laceration
Avulsion Puncture 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts in a cycle.... - answer ✅✅ will help dislodge whatever food or object may be blocking the airway 9-1-1 would need to be called immediately if, - answer ✅✅ the burn was on the hand, throat, feet or genitals A fever in infants and young children: - answer ✅✅ - can indicate a specific health problem
- most of the time, this means a minor issue, such as an ear infection
- may signal a more serious problem A few things to remember when giving CPR to an unresponsive adult who is not breathing: - answer ✅✅ - CPR is a continuous cycle of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths
- Always push hard and push fast
- Continue CPR* A few things to remember when giving CPR to an unresponsive infant who is not breathing: - answer ✅✅ - CPR is a continuous cycle of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths
- Always push hard and fast
A few things to remember when using an AED on an unresponsive infant: - answer ✅✅ - As soon as the AED is available, turn it on and follow the prompts
- Place one pad on the front of the infant and one on the back
- Make sure no one is touching the injured or ill infant when the AED is analyzing or preparing to shock
- Continue to provide care until you notice obvious signs of life, another trained responder or EMS personnel take over, you are too exhausted to continue, the scene becomes unsafe or you need to leave to call 9-1-1 after providing 2 minutes of care A good rule for stitches is: - answer ✅✅ If you have to ask yourself whether it need stitches, it generally does A head, neck, or spinal injury should be assumed in a number of situations, including those in which a person: - answer ✅✅ - is unresponsive
- was involved in a motor vehicle crash
- fell from grater than a standing height
- is wearing a helmet that is broken
- complains of head, neck, or back pain
- is not fully alert
- was injured while diving into a pool or other shallow body of water
A major symptom of a heart attack is - answer ✅✅ - a tightness, pressure, or pain in the chest that continued or comes back despite resting or taking medication
- pain may spread to the shoulder, arm, neck, jaw, stomach, or even the back
- some may feel dizzy or sweat heavily Abrasions - answer ✅✅ - caused by something rubbing roughly against the skin
- more commonly known as scrapes, rug burns or road rash AED for children - answer ✅✅ for children up to 8 years old or weighing less than 55 pounds use the smaller pediatric AED pads if they are available AED kits come with: - answer ✅✅ - adult and child-sized pads
- gloves
- breathing barrier
- dry clothe
- scissors
- razor (should be used if the person has excessive chest hair)
- When wrapping an injury like this, tie the knot directly over the wound.
- This creates additional pressure in the area and helps control the bleeding
- Now that the bandage is tied, check below the injured area for feeling, warmth, and color again. After treating a wound, you should: - answer ✅✅ suggest the individual to see a healthcare professional All you need is ONE SIGN to call 9-1-1: - answer ✅✅ the drooping smile, drifting arm, or the slurred speech Almost all the links in the Cardiac Chain of Survival begin with "Early," why? - answer ✅✅ the faster you recognize signs and symptoms and react, the better the chance a person has to survive a cardiac emergency Alone with an unresponsive child or infant: - answer ✅✅ always provide 2 minutes of care before you leave the scene to call 9-1-1 and get an AED if one is available Always use the Check-Call-Care process to give emergency care for an ill or injured person: - answer ✅✅ - Check the scene and the person
- Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number
- Care for the person An AED & CPR.... - answer ✅✅ work together to provide the best care Anaphylaxis - answer ✅✅ - A life-threatening reaction with the airway can swell, making it difficult to breather
- if not treated, it can lead to death Any person ______________ is considered an infant. - answer ✅✅ 1 year old or younger Any person between the ages ______________ is considered a child. - answer ✅✅ 1 and 12 Any person over the age of _______ is considered an adult - answer ✅✅ 12 Are metal surfaces and items safe to deliver a shock to a person? - answer ✅✅ Yes, as long as the pads themselves do not touch the metal surface Automated external defibrillator (AED) - answer ✅✅ a device that administers a shock
Before helping a person suffering from anaphylaxis, be sure to: - answer ✅✅ - Confirm a history of severe allergies
- Look for signs and symptoms
- Find out if the person needs help administering the auto-injector
- Check that you have the person's own prescribes auto-injector Body position for abdominal thrusts: - answer ✅✅ - stand behind the choking individual
- make a fist with one hand, with the thumb facing in, towards the person's stomach
- place the fist against the person's torso just above the navel
- grasp your fist with your other hand, and bring it in and up in a swift movement into the person's abdomen Body position for effective back blows: - answer ✅✅ - Stand to the side of the choking individual with your feet about shoulder-width apart
- turn your body towards the person and place one arm across their chest
- bend the person at the waist and use the hell of the hand in the center of the upper back, right between the shoulder blades Both men and women can experience similar symptoms of a heart attack like chest pain... - answer ✅✅ although fewer women experience chest pain than men
Burn type classfifications: - answer ✅✅ - Heat or thermal
- Chemical
- Electrical
- Radiation Burns - answer ✅✅ a special kind of soft tissue injury Call 9-1-1 for: - answer ✅✅ - Unresponsiveness or altered level of responsiveness
- Breathing problems or not breathing
- Chest pain
- Severe bleeding or burns
- Painful, swollen, deformed areas, or an open wound fracture
- Sudden illness Call 9-1-1 of the person: - answer ✅✅ - Has a change in responsiveness or refuses fluids
- Condition does not improve Cardiac Chain of Survival: - answer ✅✅ 1. Early recognition & activation of 9-1-
- Early CPR
- Early defibrillation
Checking for responsiveness: - answer ✅✅ - This will help you figure out if you need to call 9-1-1 and get an AED and first aid kit, and determine how to provide effective care.
- For adults, loudly shout, "Are you OK?" Then tap the shoulder and shout again-this time observing the person's breathing.
- Check for responsiveness and breathing for no more than 5 to 10 seconds. Chemical Burn - answer ✅✅ Brush Flush Call 9-1- Chest compressions - answer ✅✅ - at the center of the chest on the lower half of the chest bone at a rate of 100-200 compressions per minute
- Push hard, at least 2 inches deep hard, and fast Choking - answer ✅✅ - a common breathing emergency
- occurs when a person's airway is blocked Choking (children & infant) - answer ✅✅ - a common cause of injury and death in children younger than 5 years old
- an infant won't be able to tell you when they are choking so it's important to recognize sign and symptoms Concussion - answer ✅✅ a traumatic brain injury that involve a temporary loss of brain function resulting from a blow to the head Continue CPR until (infant): - answer ✅✅ - the infant shows obvious signs of life
- an AED becomes available and no other trained responders are available
- you have performed 5 sets of compressions
- another trained responder is available to switch
- EMS personnel take over
- you are alone and too exhausted to continue
- the scene becomes unsafe
- you need to leave to call 9-1-1 after providing 2 minutes of care Continue CPR until: - answer ✅✅ - you notice obvious signs of life
- an AED becomes available and no other trained responders are available
- you have performed 5 sets of CPR and another trained responder is available to switch
- EMS personnel take over
- You are too exhausted to continue
Continue this cycle of 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts until the: - answer ✅✅ - object is forced out
- infant can cough, cry or breathe
- infant becomes unresponsive CPR - answer ✅✅ 30 compressions 2 rescue breaths Repeat CPR with AED on an infant - answer ✅✅ - Check for responsiveness by shouting their name
- Tap the foot, shout again and look for normal breathing
- Perform 30 compressions
- Open the airway
- Perform 2 rescue breaths
- Turn on AED and follow the instructions Defibrillation - answer ✅✅ an electrical shock that may help an effective heart rhythm Depending on the severity of the burn, a burn injury can damage the:
- answer ✅✅ - top layer of the skin
- layers of fat
- muscles and bone beneath Diabetes - answer ✅✅ the inability of the body to change sugar, also called glucose, from food into energy Dislocations - answer ✅✅ The movement of a bone at a joint away from its normal position Dressing - answer ✅✅ Used to apply pressure to a wound in order to stop the bleeding During a choking emergency: - answer ✅✅ - it's a good idea to send someone to call 9-1-1 and get an AED.
- you can use the AED right away if the person becomes unresponsive. Early advanced medical care - answer ✅✅ EMS personnel can provide additional live-saving care and transport the person to the hospital for more advanced care EMS system - answer ✅✅ A network of resources that includes 9-1- dispatcher, police officers, firefighters doctors, emergency medical personnel, and you Environmental emergencies can: - answer ✅✅ take place in the great outdoors, as well as a walk-in freezer or an overhead workplace
For chemical burns: - answer ✅✅ - a chemical will continue to burn as long as it's on or under the skin
- if the chemical is a solid, use a gloved hand or towel to brush it off into a safe container, before flushing it with running water under pressure
- flush the burn under tap water for at least 20 minutes
- have the person remove any clothing and jewelry from the burned area if it does not stick to the skin
- if a chemical gets into the eyes, flush it with water, positioning the affected eye lower than the unaffected eye to keep the chemical from moving from one eye to the other
- It's always best to call 9-1-1 with a chemical burn For electrical burns: - answer ✅✅ - before giving care, make sure the person is no longer in contact with the electricity
- do not touch the person until the power if off
- there may be entry and exit wounds, so look for those and provide appropriate care
- call 9-1-1 & get an AED if one is available For Heat or thermal and radiation burns: - answer ✅✅ - cool the burn with large amounts of cold, running tap water
- leave any blisters intact and cover the burn loosely with sterile gauze
- suing gloves, remove any jewelry or clothing that isn't stuck to skin
- comfort and reassure the person
For implanted devices like a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrilator avoid placing the pads: - answer ✅✅ directly over the device For small closed wounds: - answer ✅✅ - Apply a cold pack made from a water and ice mixture in a sealed plastic bag to control swelling and pain
- Make sure to not apply cold directly to the skin & don't use anything freezing-cold
- Do this for 20 minutes or as tolerated Fractures - answer ✅✅ a complete break, chop or crack in a bone Frostbite - answer ✅✅ the freezing of body parts that have been exposed to cold temperatures Full-thickness burns - answer ✅✅ - Appear charred or waxy
- May be very painful
- May cause nerve damage (if nerve endings are destroyed, it may be relatively painless)
- Require medical care to heal
