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NPB 101: Human Physiology
Lecture 4
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the basic anatomical organization of the
nervous system.
- Be able to differentiate between the central and peripheral
(spinal and autonomic) subdivisions.
- Know the functional differences between different brain
areas.
- Understand why lesions in certain areas give rise to
certain symptoms, and the implications of those findings.
- Know how to use directional terms to describe the
relationships between different brain areas.
Let’s try a clicker question:
Dr. Recanzone sent an announcement
yesterday that you should bring a clicker to
class today. As a result:
A) You brought your clicker to class
B) You did not bring your clicker to class for
one of many different reasons.
DOH!
Old slide – you don’t need the clickers
anymore, but Dr. Recanzone is trying this for
the first time so let’s see how it goes:
Let’s try a clicker question:
You have had 2 lectures of material that will
be on the test in this class so far this quarter,
so you have therefore spent
A. 2 hours studying
B. 4 hours studying
C. 6 hours studying
D. 8 hours studying
Let’s try another clicker question:
You have had 2 lectures of material that will
be on the test in this class so far this quarter.
Given your previous answer, that means that
you are currently
A. 4 hours behind in studying
B. 2 hours behind in studying
C. Right on pace!
D. 2 hours ahead in studying, more time to go
skiing this weekend!
Factors that must be maintained:
- Concentration of nutrients
(circulatory, digestive, muscular, nervous, and endocrine
systems)
2
and CO
2
(circulatory, respiratory, muscular, and nervous systems)
- Concentration of waste products
(circulatory, digestive, urinary, muscular, nervous, and
endocrine systems)
(respiratory, urinary, and nervous systems)
- Concentration of water and electrolytes
(circulatory, digestive, urinary, skeletal, muscular,
integumentary, nervous,
and endocrine systems)
(muscular, integumentary, and nervous systems)
(circulatory, nervous, and endocrine systems)
- Defense against foreign invaders
(immune system)
The nervous system
can be broken down
into
several different parts:
Central Nervous
System
(brains, spinal cord and
retina)
Peripheral Nervous
System:
Somatic (motor and
non-visual sensory)
Autonomic
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Central nervous
system:
The brain,
spinal cord, and
retina.
The autonomic nervous system: The
parasympathetic (cranial and sacral) and the
sympathetic (thoractic)
There is much more to the human brain that just
what it looks like here. What you can see is the
cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, and part of the
brainstem. To see more you have to cut the
Horizontal Frontal / Coronal
Saggital
There are three main planes of section that
are typically used when cutting into the
nervous system to see the different parts.
This can be histological specimens or
imaging like MRI or CAT scans.
Horizontal
Frontal / Coronal Saggital
The next slide shows a saggital section
There are clear structures that can be identified in this mid-saggital section
“Walkers” only have their
brainstems still working. So
to kill one you should
probably stab them in the
brainstem, not just anywhere
in the brain!
midline
medial
lateral lateral
Terms used to talk
about one part of
the brain relative to
another part
