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FISDAP Paramedic Airway and Breathing Exam
V2 questions /answered, Exams of Nursing
Assured A+|Proven Success.
What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an
adult? - ANSWERS -350ml
How much air is in the average adult ventilation? - ANSWERS -
500ml How much air is lost in the area of dead space when an adult is
ventilating? - ANSWERS -150ml
A 67 year old male complains of mild respiratory distress. He smokes 4 packs of cigarettes a day and reports a consistent cough and frequent respiratory infections. Chest sounds reveal
bilateral rhonchi. What should you suspect? - ANSWERS -
Chronic bronchitis EXPLANATION: chronic bronchitis is long term inflammation of the bronchioles. Excessive mucus and pus production leads to obstructed airways. the consistent cough is the body's response to clear the airway obstruction An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute. which device should you use to
administer oxygen? - ANSWERS -Bag-valve mask
EXPLANATION: He is unresponsive and breathing too slow. This is a "sick" patient and assisting his ventilation should be the first intervention. You can increase his respiratory rate with a bag- valve mask.
diaphoretic - ANSWERS -Characterized by profuse sweating.
Nasal cannula delivers about what percentage of oxygen -
ANSWERS -20-44%
What are the structures that branch off of the trachea into the
lower airway? - ANSWERS -Bronchi
EXPLANATION: the trachea splits at the carina into the left and right bronchus. The bronchi get smaller and smaller until it reaches the terminal bronchioles where the alveoli are located. What is the normal range of breaths per minute for an adult -
ANSWERS -12-
A febrile 44 year old male complains of shortness of breath and has dull chest pain. he has been coughing up "rusty" sputum for
the last 3 days. what is the most likely cause? - ANSWERS -
Pneumonia EXPLANATION: Pneumonia is an infection of the lung tissue and the "rusty" sputum (spit) is a sign of a lower airway infection. He is febrile (has a fever) from an immune response to the infection,
Expect to initially see an increases respiratory rate ad heart rate with labored breathing. As the patient begins to tire, the respiratory rate and the quality will begin to decrease, which worsens the problem. What are the small air sacs at the end of the airway that are
responsible for gas exchange? - ANSWERS -Alveoli
A 53 year old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to arouse and
breathing 8 times a minute. What do you suspect? - ANSWERS -
Respiratory failure
What is directly posterior to the nose? - ANSWERS -
Nasopharynx The nasopharynx connects the opening of the nostrils to the soft palate, which is located at the back of the mouth. This passage is designed to warm up inhaled air and filters out fine particulate matter What is the name of the muscular structure the divides the chest
cavity from the abdominal cavity? - ANSWERS -Diaphragm
What is the most common location for an airway obstruction? -
ANSWERS -Pharynx
This passageway is shared by air and food, so it is a common site for a partial of complete obstruction, which could be food or a flaccid tongue. What part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords? -
ANSWERS -Larynx
This structure is directly above the trachea.
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? - ANSWERS -
What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge in the trachea at
which the right and left lungs split? - ANSWERS -Carina
How many lobes are in the lungs? - ANSWERS -
3 lobes on the right and 2 lobes on the left What is the name of the passageway shared by the digestive system and the respiratory system for air and food? -
ANSWERS -Pharynx
The nasal cavity and mouth share this passageway. Air travels down the larynx and food travels into the esophagus
External respiration is best described as the: - ANSWERS -
Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the surrounding capillary bed During cellular respiration and metabolism, there is constant production of acidic waste products such as hydrogen. How does
the body initially manage this acid? - ANSWERS -Hydrogen is
converted into carbonic acid and later into CO2 and H2O While you are transporting a young teenager with a cold and cough, he asks you what his respiratory system does. How would
you respond? - ANSWERS -It takes oxygen from the air and
supplies it to the blood Which muscle of the body is the primary one that allows normal
inhalation to occur? - ANSWERS -Diaphragm
When your patient inhales, the diaphragm and what other muscle group contracts in order for air to flow into the lungs? -
ANSWERS -External intercostal muscles
You are caring for a patient with respiratory distress. The patient is found in a tripod position with nasal flaring, the pulse oximetry is 94 percent, and you note absent alveolar breath sounds and cyanosis around the mouth and nail beds. Given these findings, which is MOST suggestive of actual breathing inadequacy? -
ANSWERS -Absent alveolar breath sounds
Following the assessment of a patient who was found in a tripod position, you have concluded that the patient is unable to adequately deliver oxygenated blood to the peripheral tissues despite high-flow oxygen via NRB. This is known as: -
ANSWERS -Hypoxia
As brain cells start to become initially hypoxic, what is a common
CNS response? - ANSWERS -Restlessness and agitation
Which of the following patients, in the absence of disease or injury, will use oxygen at the highest rate, and thus, must always
be adequately oxygenated and ventilated? - ANSWERS -A
patient who is 3 years old Which patient population is most likely to become hypoxic from poor oxygen reserves during periods of hypoventilation or apnea?
- ANSWERS -Infants You are caring for a two-week-old who reportedly is having trouble breathing. Which of the below findings BEST supports the
suspicion the patient is truly hypoxic? - ANSWERS -The heart
rate is 60 per minute As compared to infants, what response do adults typically display
as they initially start to become hypoxic? - ANSWERS -The heart
rate increases
You are managing a patient who is suffering from a right ventricular infarction. If the patient is also complaining of mild dyspnea, how could the MI contribute to the perception of
dyspnea? - ANSWERS -Decreased perfusion to the lungs
If a patient has suffered a heart attack and the left ventricle can no longer pump blood effectively, how can this cause respiratory
compromise in the patient? - ANSWERS -Increased amount of
fluid filling the alveoli Blood, vomitus, or other substances that occlude the nasopharynx
may drain and lead to: - ANSWERS -Airway occlusion
Just because a patient is attempting to breathe against a partially occluded airway, if they do NOT move enough air to reach the alveoli, what secondary complication might they experience? -
ANSWERS -Hypoxia or Hypercapnia
Which of the following is the MOST important airway concern for
any patient who displays an altered mental status? - ANSWERS -
The tongue will relax into the back of the throat and cause a partial or complete airway obstruction Which of the following statements is MOST correct about the relationship between the airway status and the level of hypoxia that may be present in a patient who is awake and talking to you?
- ANSWERS -The airway is intact and the risk of hypoxia is low
Which of the following differences between the airways in the
adult and pediatric is correct? - ANSWERS -Pediatrics have a
proportionally larger tongue The narrowest part(s) of an infant's upper airway is (are) the: -
ANSWERS -Cricoid cartilage
Which of the following vital sign changes is consistent with pediatric hypoxia that may necessitate airway and/or ventilatory
assistance? - ANSWERS -Bradycardia
Compared to the adult patient, an infant's ventilation rate is: -
ANSWERS -Faster and with a lower tidal volume
A child's metabolic rate and limited oxygen reserves will cause what detrimental effect to occur more quickly in a child patient than in an adult patient during periods of hypoventilation? -
ANSWERS -Hypoxia
A harsh, high-pitched sound heard during inspiration, characteristic of an upper airway obstruction due to swelling, is
called: - ANSWERS -The patient's skin is pale and clammy
You respond to the scene of a witnessed opiate overdose. On your arrival, the patient is unconscious and supine with labored, sonorous respirations and cyanotic lips. What would be the cause
of the sonorous airway sounds? - ANSWERS -Airway occlusion
from the tongue
When an infant is unconscious in his bed, the EMT should use
what procedure to open the airway. - ANSWERS -head-tilt, chin-
lift maneuver
