Fixed and Voltage Divider Bias BJT Configurations-Basic Electronics-Lab Assignment, Exercises of Electronics

The course gives the students a sound knowledge of Fourier transforms along with Fourier integrals, partial differential equations, advanced vector analysis, complex variables and complex integrals. This lab includes: Fixed, Voltage, Divider, Bias, Bipolar, Junction, Transistor, Configurations, Quiscent, operating, Conditions, Saturation

Typology: Exercises

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School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
1
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty Member:____________________
Dated: ________________
Semester:_____________
Section: ________________
EE216: ELECTRONICS-I BEE2
LABORATORY EXERCISE - 8
Fixed and Voltage
Divider-bias BJT
Configurations
GROUP______________
Name Reg. no. Report
Marks / 10
Viva
Marks / 5
Total/15
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Download Fixed and Voltage Divider Bias BJT Configurations-Basic Electronics-Lab Assignment and more Exercises Electronics in PDF only on Docsity!

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty Member:____________________ Dated: ________________

Semester:_____________ Section: ________________

EE216: ELECTRONICS-I BEE

LABORATORY EXERCISE - 8

Fixed and Voltage

Divider-bias BJT

Configurations

GROUP______________

Name Reg. no. Report

Marks / 10

Viva

Marks / 5

Total/

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

EE 216 ELECTRONICS –I Fall 2011

LABORATORY EXERCISE - 8

Fixed and Voltage Divider-bias BJT

Configurations

Objective: To study biasing techniques of BJTs

1. To measure and calculate the quiescent operating conditions of the Fixed-Bias and Voltage

Divider-Bias BJT configurations.

2. To study the effect of ∶ on the operating point (Q-point) of the transistor and study the

difference between the theoretical calculated values and measured values of the Q-point.

Required Resources

  1. The following components, test equipment and software would be required. a) 2N2222A, 2N3904Transistor b) DMM c) Oscilloscope d) Resistors e) Capacitors f) Power Supply g) PSpice Simulation Software.

Theory

  • Bipolar transistors operate in three modes: cutoff, saturation, and active or linear. In each of

these modes, the physical characteristics of the transistor and the external circuit connected

to it uniquely specify the operating point of the transistor. In the cut off mode, there is only a

small amount of reverse current from emitter to collector, making the device akin to an open

switch. In the saturation mode, there is maximum current flow from collector to emitter. The

amount of current is limited primarily by the external circuit connected to the transistor; its

operation is analogous to that of a closed switch. Both of these operating modes are used in

digital circuits.

  • For amplification with a minimum of distortion the Active or linear region of the transistor

characteristics is employed. A DC voltage is applied to the transistor, forward biasing the

base emitter junction and reverse biasing the base collector junction, typically establishing a

quiescent point near or at the center of the linear region.

Record the resulting values of I

.

Using the results of step (b) calculate the value of β

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Record the resulting values of IB and IC in table 1.1B:

Table 1.1A

Using the results of step (b) calculate the value of β and record in table 1.

RB (measured) =___________________

RC (measured) =__________________

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Figure 1a: Circuit Diagram for Fixed Bias Circuit

β and record in table 1.1B.

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TABLE 1.1B: Recorded values of currents and Voltages

Part B

FIXED-BIAS CONFIGURATION

a. Using the β determined in part A, theoretically calculate the current IB and IC for the circuit of figure 1a, using the measured value for VBE. Use the formula given below. The theoretical values of IB and IC calculated using the circuit parameters and the value of beta (β).

(Calculated) IB =_____________________

(Calculated) IC =_____________________

Ⅵ⅘ 㐄

ⅸ⅙⅙ ㎘ ⅸ⅘Ⅱ

ⅴ⅘

Ⅵ⅙ 㐄 ∶Ⅵ⅘

b. Using the values found in (a) theoretically calculate the voltage level values of VB, VC, VE and VCE.

(Calculated) VB =_____________________

(Calculated) VC =_____________________

(Calculated) VE =_____________________

(Calculated) VCE =_____________________

TRANSISTOR

TYPE

VCE (volts) IC (mA) (^) IB (μA) β IE (mA) VBE

2N

2N2222A

g. Record the resulting values of insert in table1.1B. h. Using the following equations calculate the magnitude of the percent change in each quantity due to a change in transistor, specifically t voltage and current levels should not change with a change in transistor but the fixed configuration has a high sensitivity to changes in beta. Place the results of your calculations in table 1.

TABLE 1.2 Changes in

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Record the resulting values of IB and Ic in table 1.1B. In addition, measure the voltage

Using the following equations calculate the magnitude of the percent change in each quantity due to a change in transistor, specifically to one with higher level of beta. Ideally, the important voltage and current levels should not change with a change in transistor but the fixed configuration has a high sensitivity to changes in beta. Place the results of your calculations in

Changes in

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In addition, measure the voltage VCE and

Using the following equations calculate the magnitude of the percent change in each quantity o one with higher level of beta. Ideally, the important voltage and current levels should not change with a change in transistor but the fixed-bias configuration has a high sensitivity to changes in beta. Place the results of your calculations in

Part C

Voltage-Divider configuration

a. Now construct the circuit of figure 2a insert in table 2.1A.

Table 2.1A

b. Using the beta determined in part A for the 2N3904 transistor, calculate the theoretical levels of VB,VE ,IE,IC , VE, and IB for the circuit of figure 2a.Insert the result in table 1.3.

R1 (measured) =_______________

R2 (measured) = (^) _____________________

RC (measured) = (^) _____________________

RE (measured) = (^) _____________________

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Now construct the circuit of figure 2a using the 2N3904 transistor. Measure the resistor values and

Table 2.1A

Using the beta determined in part A for the 2N3904 transistor, calculate the theoretical levels of for the circuit of figure 2a.Insert the result in table 1.3.





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Measure the resistor values and

Using the beta determined in part A for the 2N3904 transistor, calculate the theoretical levels of for the circuit of figure 2a.Insert the result in table 1.3.

Problems and Exercises

  1. Compute the saturation current

(Calculate d

  1. Compute the saturation current

(Calculate d

  1. Is the saturation current of part (a) and (b) sensitive to the beta of the transistor or changes beta?
  2. Determine the ratio of the change in below.

Fixed-bias Voltage-divider

  1. For the fixed bias configuration of figure 1 develop an equation for I (voltage source, resistor, β) of the circuit. Then establish an equation for I - Assuming I 1 and I 2 are much larger then equation for IC in terms of the other elements of the circuit of fig 2. - Referring to the results of part (a) and (b), is there an obvious reason why changes in beta in one

Lab Report:

Each student group has to submit neatly filled handouts with a cover page as a lab report. due before the next lab.

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Compute the saturation current IC sat for the fixed- bias configuration of figure 1.

d) ICsat = __________________________

Compute the saturation current ICsat for the fixed- bias configuration of figure 2.

d) ICsat = __________________________

Is the saturation current of part (a) and (b) sensitive to the beta of the transistor or changes

Determine the ratio of the change in IC, VCE and IB due to changes in beta and complete table

Table 1.

divider

For the fixed bias configuration of figure 1 develop an equation for IB in terms of the other elements β) of the circuit. Then establish an equation for IC?

are much larger then IB permitting the approximation I in terms of the other elements of the circuit of fig 2.

Referring to the results of part (a) and (b), is there an obvious reason why I changes in beta in one configuration compared to the other?

Each student group has to submit neatly filled handouts with a cover page as a lab report.

School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

bias configuration of figure 1.

bias configuration of figure 2.

Is the saturation current of part (a) and (b) sensitive to the beta of the transistor or changes in

due to changes in beta and complete table

in terms of the other elements

I 1 ~I 2. Develop an

IC is more sensitive to

Each student group has to submit neatly filled handouts with a cover page as a lab report. Your lab report is