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FLETC Written Exam #1 Test Questions with Answers Graded A+
Graham v. Connor (1989) Graham Factors Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v. Connor that may govern the reasonableness of using force Range of Reasonableness Recognized that the right to make an arrest or investiga- tory stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of physical coercion/threat to attect it. In the course of an arrest or stop is properly analyzed by Fourth Amendment's 'objective reasonableness' standard Severity of crime Whether suspect poses an immediate threat Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest Attempting to evade arrest by flight
of suspects/# of oflcers
Size, age, condition of oflcer/suspect Duration of action Whether force applied resulted in injury Previous violent history known to oflcer at time Use of alcohol/drugs Suspect's mental history known to oflcer at time Presence of innocent bystanders Availability of oflcer weapons Oflcer responses range from: Hesitation --------- Aggressive Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to shoot an unarmed non-dangerous fleeing suspect. Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner Probable cause Threat Oflcer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is occurring If based on totality of circumstance and the oflcer per- Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
FLETC Written Exam #1 Test Questions with Answers Graded A+
member Pre-Assault Indicators Common Restrictions in Agency Use of Force Policy Physiological Changes triggered when faced with a threat ceives a threat of such action, a reasonable force option may be used Verbal aggression Change in posture Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster Individual ignores you or stares through you Aggression Hands tighten Individual becomes rigid Chin tucked Use of warning shots Use of maximum force Moving vehicles Exhausting lesser means of force first Pounding heart Muscle tension Rapid, shallow breathing Nausea Dizziness Dry mouth Diminished sound Tunnel vision Slow motion time Memory loss Memory distortion Tunnel Vision Loss of peripheral vision Heightened Visual Clarity Clear picture of details you ordinarily might not notice/re- Hearing Distortions Total loss of hearing, to muffled or distant
FLETC Written Exam #1 Test Questions with Answers Graded A+
Everyone sees what really occurs Everyone sees everything that occurs Everyone processes information the same way Everyone remembers exactly what occurred during an in- cident Memories stay the same, maintain accuracy, and remain consistent over time People can replay experiences with accuracy and detail Arousal Defined by physiology Anxiety Defined by terms of emotional or cognitive impact of arousal A person's perception of the elements in the environment Situational Awareness within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status in the near future Ettective Situational Awareness Perception of changing elements during dynamic events and correctly reacting in a timely manner Global Attention Not focused on one specific thing Selective Attention Focus on one specific thing Inattention to cues during dynamic events results in failure Inattentional Blindness to accurately interpret patterns and implications of the behavior leading to inettective decisions and poor perfor- mance When a subject is observed paying attention to the sur- rounding area rather than the LEO Refers to the obvious preoccupation an ottender will have Target Glancing with a particular area of an oflcer's body or with any of the oflcer's weapons Scanning
FLETC Written Exam #1 Test Questions with Answers Graded A+
Asserts that experienced decision makers can identify a reasonably good option as the first one they consider Pugilistic Stance The fighting stance Usually occurs when there are multiple suspects, move- Flanking ment to the rear or side of a LEO by one or more of the suspects...it's an attempt to find a position suitable for a successful attack WIN 'What's Important Now' Lifestyle Management Personal plan for wellness Lifestyle that is dynamic to the changes of life and strives Wellness for the highest level of functioning in each wellness di- mension 6 Dimensions of health Elements that provide balance in the physical dimension of life Cardiorespiratory Fitness Physical Mental Social Emotional Spiritual Occupational Physical Activity Nutrition Rest Health Care An activity that involves large muscle groups used in a rhythmical or dynamic manner over an extended period of time Maximum amount of force exerted against a resistance in one ettort, as is measured during a one-rep max lift Muscular Endurance Recognition Primed Decision Making Muscular Strength
FLETC Written Exam #1 Test Questions with Answers Graded A+
Ethics Values Core Values of Law Enforcement Integrity False Time/Attendance Claims Failure to report misconduct by another oflcer Disrespectful/abusive prejudicial treatment/language Misuse of authority for personal benefit Code of conduct; refers to the rules or principles of con- duct that are commonly understood and accepted by so- ciety Ethics defines what we should do or ought to do Values determine what we actually do; they define what is important to us and we make our decisions based on what is important to us at that time Integrity Fairness Respect Honesty Courage Compassion Encompassing term meaning 'wholeness'; person's char- acter is whole and there are no divisible aspects to a person's ethical life Allegiance to other persons or organizations, the constitu- tion, or a philosophical belief Accepting responsibility for decisions and actions; we are accountable for what we do and who we are We do our best; we are conscientious about our work and Diligence the manner in which we do it; there's a moral obligation to do our best and be careful, prepared and informed Loyalty Responsibility
law Informal Fairness Freedom from prejudice or favoritism; requires respect for cultural and ethnic diversity; we do not abuse discretionary power to satisfy personal feelings Respect We acknowledge rights and values of anotehr person Honesty Trustworthy; reliable; truthful; sincere Having the personal ability to face diflculty with resolve, without excessive fear Courage Personal conviction which enables one to act for the right reason without excessive concern for personal conse- quences Moral Courage Courage to do the right thing in the face of ethical chal- lenges, even if it's not popular Genuine concern for the welfare of others; ability to re- Compassion store order to others' lives while controlling and under- standing personal feelings which influences one's actions Essential tools of LE profession Trust and Credibility Moral Knowing Three Components of Character Moral Feeling Moral Action Moral Knowing Person of good character knows what is right Moral Feeling Person of good character desires to do the right thing Moral Action Person of good character does the right thing when con- fronted with a situation that requires it willpower Two cultures of law enforcement Formal Rationalization How we justify violating a rule, regulation, or breaking the Types of Rationalizations 8 /^24
Establishes primary role of the Oflce of Special Counsel, an independent agency to protect and act in the interest of employees who seek assistance from prohibited per- sonnel practices WhistleBlower Sexual Harassment Civil Rights Act of 1964 Employee or former employee of an organization who attempts to disclose illegal or unethical activities for moral reasons Unwelcome sexual advances Requests for sexual favors Conduct that unreasonable interferes with work perfor- mance Creates intimidating, hostile work environment Conduct that enters into employment decisions Makes it illegal to discriminate on basis of individual's: race color religion national origin sex age Quid pro quo "something for something"; must be based on sex Based on sex Criterion for quid pro quo harassment Hostile Work Environment Culture Consists of unwelcome advances tangible economic benefit must be contingent on victims' submission to the unwelcome sexual advances Unwelcome conduct so severe or pervasive as to create an intimidating/threatening, hostile, or ottensive work envi- ronment
Refers to the sum total ways of living transmitted from one generation to another Diversity Ditterences amongst us all Idea or perception that many people have about a thing, Stereotype Racial Profiling Human Traflcking-Forced Labor Human Traflcking-Sex Traflcking Myths of Human Traflcking Behavioral Indicators of Human Traflcking Situational Indicators of Human Traflcking group or ethnic background; picture held in common by members of a group representing an oversimplified opin- ion, attitude, or judgment Any law enforcement initiated action that relies on race, ethnicity, gender, national origin, religion, sexual orienta- tion, or gender identity rather than behavior of an individ- ual or info that leads LEO to a particular individual Forcing or coercing a person to perform labor or services by threats of serious harm to the person or a third party, or physical restraint Any adult who is made to engage in a commercial sex act (exchange of anything of value to any person or sex act) by means of force, fraud, or coercion When a minor is involved, elements of force, fraud, or coercion need not be proved Slavery is history It only applies to foreigners It requires movement Victims self-report to law enforcement It doesn't happen in your backyard Not in possession of his/her own documents Restricted movement, not exercising free will Visible signs of physical violence or abuse Restricted or monitored communications
Check for radio antenna Check all control knobs/switches Check for battery Test radio before patrol Find malfunctions before patrol Portable Radio Range 1 - 2.5 miles Mobile Radio Range 4 - 10 miles Battery Common Radio Malfunctions Corroded terminals Loose connections Loose antenna Words/Phrases to Avoid on Radio Those similar in sound Emotionally charged Nationwide computerized information system; equipment located at FBI Criminal Justice Information Services Divi- sion Facility in Clarksburg, WV National Crime Information Center (NCIC) National Law Enforcement Telecommunications System (NLETS) Treasury Enforcement Communications Systems II (TECS II) El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC) Any inquiry will get: whether subject is wanted if warrant is outstanding if missing person is involved Information exchange network; computerized communi- cations network linking state, local, and federal law en- forcement agencies in 50 states, DC, Puerto Rico, and Canada A computerized information system to identify individuals, companies, vehicles, vessels, and aircraft involved in vio- lation of federal laws; operates on SoundEx
rorist screening processes Managed by DEA; used to monitor worldwide narcotics activities Sponsored by Immigration Naturalization System; pro- vides location on existing INS alien files Washington Area Law Enforcement System (WALES) Sponsored by DC Metro Police Terrorist Screening Center (TSC) Consolidates the federal government's approach to ter- Involves acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State and appears to be intended to: intimidate or coerce a civilian population Domestic Terrorism International Terrorism to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion to attect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping and occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States Involves violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or what would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any state and appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population to influence a policy of a government by intimidation or coercion to attect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping Central Index System (CIS)
Title 18 U.S.C. 2339A Aimed at people who support the things that terrorists do; person knowingly supports something a terrorist might do Software applications that connect people and informa- tion as well as market products, and services interactively Process of adding geographical identification to pho- tographs, videos, websites, and SMS texts Applications that exist for the purpose of individual's in- tention to reveal their geographic location Doxing Process to obtain and intentionally release an individual's personally identifiable information Project Initiation Target Assessment and Selection Terrorist Attack Cycle Project Initiation Target Assessment & Selection In-Depth Surveillance Planning & Rehearsal Plan Verification Execution and Exploitation Leadership initiates operation Possible targets discussed Intelligence cells activated/sent to area Multiple targets assessed Evaluated for likelihood for success Conducted to discern target's daily patterns and activities Info will be used to determine time and place for actual attack Target value assessed Target list refined In-Depth Surveillance Geotagging Social Networking Sites Location-based Social Networking
Evaluates defensive measures of the target The riskiest phase for terrorists Earliest phase of surveillance, most vulnerable to detec- tion Only phase requiring them to expose themselves Terrorist groups will use untrained or less experienced personnel initially Surveillance will last for a substantial period of time Best opportunity for you to send terrorists elsewhere Terrorists decide on target of choice Vulnerabilities revealed by in-depth surveillance Predictability of target Weak Security Profile Plans and tactics selected Plans refined and attack rehearsed Planning and Rehearsal Plan Verification Execution and Exploitation Targets of Terrorism Tactical cell selected Plan is rehearsed Plan is validated Intelligence cell resumes surveillance (more professional in nature; no need to be constant surveillance) Evaluates target for changes in activity or increased defen- sive countermeasures If plan is not feasible, op returns to target assessment and selection phase Key members of cell exfiltrate Attack plan is carried out Leadership exploits incident Intermodal Environment National Monuments Federal Facilities/Properties Large Gatherings of People CVE Key Objectives 17 /^24
Can be described as an action that is inappropriate for a person's position, has no potential of achieving any goal, and a person continues in spite of objective information that the action is unlikely to be ettective Intellectual Disabilities Defined by a person's intelligence quotient (IQ) level which ranges from in four levels: Mild (50-70) Profound (below 20 - 25) Tic Disorder Are involuntary sudden, rapid, recurrent, stereotyped mo- tor movement or vocalization Tourette's Disorder Longer in duration or complexity than a tic Frequently occurs with learning disabilities, depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, or hostile attitudes Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders Three^ Types: Inattentive Hyperactive-Impulsive Combined Communication Disorders Expressive Language Disorder Stuttering Phonological Disorder Mixed Receptive-Expressive Dementia Brain deterioration Sensory experiences in the absence of any relevant stim- ulation in the environment Beliefs contrary to reality; belief one is being manipulated by some external force Involves the distortion in the perception of reality in ad- dition to an impaired capacity to reason, speak, behave Delusions Hallucinations
perience pleasure rationally or spontaneously, and respond appropriately to emotional and motivational stimuli When a person exhibits depression, bipolar disorder, or both in alternating fashion Major depressive disorder Indicated by profound sadness and/or an inability to ex- consists of one or more manic episodes, and usually one Bipolar disorder Anxiety Disorder or more depressive episodes; dramatic highs and lows in mood, energy, and ability to think clearly Group of mental illnesses that cause people to sutter from excessive worry and abnormal feelings of nervous- ness without particular causes, which cannot be alleviated through normal actions Autism Show a noticeable lack of awareness of the existence or feeling of others Excited Delirium Psychotic behavior, elevated temperature, extreme fight or flight response by nervous system Secretive watching of persons, vehicles, places, or objects Surveillance (^) to obtain information otherwise unavailable or impractical to obtain Surveillance Detection Procedures to identify groups or individuals who may be monitoring the activities of an individual or place Counter-Surveillance Measures and actions taken against the groups or indi- viduals conducting the hostile surveillance Hostile Surveillance Surveillance conducted by those deemed adversarial Soft Target Little or no protection Hard Target Guarded or has considerable security Mood Disorder Schizophrenia
