Flowchart,what is flowchart , symbol in flowchart,etc., Study notes of System Analysis and Design

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Structured tools and

techniques of data

analysis

SAD: RTMNU-BCA SEM II – Unit 2 Topic 1

Mr. Dhiraj Rane

www.dhirajrane.in

Introduction to

Flowcharting

A Tool of Structured Analysis

Basic Flowchart Symbols  (^) Terminals  (^) represented by rounded rectangles  (^) indicate a starting or ending point

START

Display message “How many hours did you work?” Read Hours Display message “How much do you get paid per hour?” Read PayRate

Multiply Hours

by PayRate.

Store result in

GrossPay.

Display GrossPay

END

Terminal START END Terminal

Basic Flowchart Symbols  (^) Input/Output Operations  (^) represented by parallelograms  (^) indicate an input or output operation

START

Display message “How many hours did you work?” Read Hours Display message “How much do you get paid per hour?” Read PayRate

Multiply Hours

by PayRate.

Store result in

GrossPay.

Display GrossPay

END

Display message “How many hours did you work?” Read Hours Input/Output Operation

Four Flowchart Structures  (^) Sequence  (^) Decision  (^) Repetition  (^) Case

Sequence Structure  (^) A series of actions are performed in sequence  (^) The pay-calculating example was a sequence flowchart.

Decision Structure  (^) The flowchart segment below shows a decision structure with only one action to perform. It is expressed as an if statement in C++ code. if (x < y) a = x * 2; Flowchart C++ Code

NO YES

x < y?

Calculate a as x times 2.

Repetition Structure  (^) The flowchart segment below shows a repetition structure expressed in C++ as a while loop. while (x < y) x++; Flowchart C++ Code

x < y? Add 1 to x

YES

Controlling a Repetition Structure  (^) ANSWER: By adding an action within the repetition that changes the value of x.

x < y? Display x Add 1 to x

YES

Case Structure CASE years_employed

1 2 3 Other

bonus = 100 (^) bonus = 200 bonus = 400 (^) bonus = 800 If years_employed = 1, bonus is set to 100 If years_employed = 2, bonus is set to 200 If years_employed = 3, bonus is set to 400 If years_employed is any other value, bonus is set to 800

Modules

• The position of the module symbol indicates the point the module is executed.
• A separate flowchart can be constructed for the module. START END

Read Input.

Call calc_pay

function.

Display results.

 (^) This flowchart segment shows two decision structures combined. Combining Structures Display “x is within limits.” Display “x is outside the limits.”

NO YES

x > min? x < max?

NO YES

Display “x is outside the limits.”

Answer  (^) What do each of the following symbols represent?

Terminal

Input/Output

Operation

Process

Decision

Connector

Module

Review  (^) Name the four flowchart structures. (Answer on next slide)